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普通话拟声词阴平一统天下,其背后存在三个谜题:这种声调分布格局是古已有之,还是历史演变造成的;如果是历史演变造成的,其历时过程如何;更重要的是这种声调分布格局背后的制约机制是什么。本文首先依次考察西周至春秋、唐代、元代、清中期和当代普通话等五个历史阶段汉语拟声词的声调分布格局、音节数量与结构类型的历时演变;然后展开讨论,尝试逐一揭示三个谜题的谜底;最后是四点余论。
There are three puzzles behind the onomatopoeia of Putonghua: there are three mysteries behind this kind of tone: what is the distribution pattern of this tone, whether it is caused by ancient history or historical evolution? What is the historical process of historical evolution? What is more important is that What kind of restraint mechanism is behind the pattern of tonal distribution? This paper first examines the diachronic distributions of tone, number of syllables and structure types of Chinese onomatopoeia in the five historical stages from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, the Tang Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the mid-Qing Dynasty and the present-day Putonghua. Then, A mystery puzzle; Finally, four o’clock talk.