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目的 科学评价免疫规划在控制针对传染病方面的作用。方法 利用描述流行病学方法对法定传染病报告系统报告和免疫预防的资料进行分析。结果 免疫规划针对的 6种传染病 (脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、百日咳、白喉、流行性脑脊髓膜炎、流行性乙型脑炎 )发病率在 5 0～ 70年代期间明显上升 ,70年代高达 1 0 5 3.90 / 1 0万 ,80年代起在实行有计划的免疫预防后 ,则持续大幅度和快速下降 ,2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年年均为 3.5 1 / 1 0万 ,比 70年代下降了 99.6 5 % ;6种病占 1 9种传染病的构成从 5 0年代和 6 0年代的 6 0 %左右下降到 90年代和 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年的 3%左右 ;80年代起其发病率下降速率比其他 1 3种传染病高出十几倍。结论 免疫规划是控制针对传染病最有效措施之一。
Objective To scientifically evaluate the role of immunization programs in controlling infectious diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the notifiable infectious disease reporting system reports and immunoprophylaxis data. Results The incidence of six infectious diseases (poliomyelitis, measles, pertussis, diphtheria, epidemic encephalitis, and Japanese encephalitis) targeted by immunization program increased significantly from the 1950s to the 1970s and reached 1 0 5 3.90 / 10 million. After the implementation of the planned immunization campaigns in the 1980s, the sustained and drastic decline has been recorded. The average annual average was 3.51 / 1.0 million in 2000-2003, which was lower than 70 And the number of infectious diseases of 6 kinds of diseases dropped from about 60% in 1950s and 1960s to about 3% in 90s and 2000-2002 In the 1980s, its incidence rate of decline was more than ten times that of the other 13 infectious diseases. Conclusion Immunization programs are one of the most effective measures to control infectious diseases.