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抗原和抗体的反应具有高度特异性,但这种反应在组织切片和涂片上是不可见的。这时如果在已知的抗体(或抗原)上标记上能显色的物质(如酶、荧光素、银),我们可以就借助颜色来判断结果、识别组织或细胞内既使极微量的抗原。这种标记了的抗体(或抗原),便称为标记物。现就使用较广或特异性较强的16种简介如下(见表1)。
The reaction of antigens and antibodies is highly specific, but this reaction is not visible on tissue sections and smears. At this time, if a known substance (such as an enzyme, fluorescein, or silver) is labeled with a known antibody (or antigen), we can use color to judge the result, identify the tissue, or even trace amounts of antigen in the cell. . This labeled antibody (or antigen) is called a marker. There are 16 kinds of brief introductions that are more widely used or specific (see Table 1).