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气候、地形地貌、河流水系、人类活动是山洪沟致灾的重要因素。针对这些因素,需要有针对性地选择工程措施,采取不同的堤身断面型式,并注重堤脚抗冲刷设计。对于一般河岸,可采取造价较低的临水侧混凝土矮挡墙上接土质斜坡;对于迎流顶冲、深槽迫岸的局部危险堤段,可采取安全性更高的重力式混凝土挡墙;对于历史溃口段、堤身开裂段等险工险段,可采取堤身充填灌浆、临水侧混凝土挡墙护脚、生态护坡防冲等防治措施。为方便不幸落水者自救攀爬上岸,以及为动植物提供生长栖息环境,在挡墙临水侧增设混凝土凹槽,工程成本仅增加约3%。
Climate, topography, river water system and human activities are the important factors causing the disaster of Shan Honggou. For these factors, we need to select engineering measures targeted to take a different section of the dike section, and pay attention to embankment foot flush design. For the general river bank, a low-cost concrete temporary retaining wall may be used to connect with the soil slope. For the partial dangerous embankment where the top-striking and deep-trough intrusion are embankment, a more secure concrete gravity retaining wall ; For the historical breach section, the levee cracking section and other risk insurance section, can take the embankment filling grouting, water retaining side concrete retaining wall foot, ecological slope protection and other anti-red measures. In order to make it easier for unfortunate people to climb to shore to help themselves and to provide a habitat for animals and plants to grow in habitat, an additional concrete groove was added to the water-retaining wall of the retaining wall to increase the construction cost by only about 3%.