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Objective:To investigate the expression, clinic-pathologic signiifcance and the relevance of WT1 proteinβ-catenin protein in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods:A total of 48 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients with resected NSCLC were collected and none had received radiotherapy or chemotherapy before surgical resection. The expressions of WT1 and β-catenin proteins were detected with immunohistchemistry. All data were dealt with SPSS19.0 statistical software while the relationship between WT1 protein orβ-catenin protein and each clinical pathological characteristic was tested by Pearson X2 and Fisher’s Exact Test, and X2 test of independence of two attributes was performed for the relevant analysis of the two indexes. Results:The positive expression rates of WT1 and aberrantβ-catenin proteins were 62.5%(30/48) and 72.9%(35/48) in NSCLC, respectively. There was signiifcant association between WT1 protein and lymph node metastasis (X2 = 4.480, df = 1, P = 0.034), but no obvious connection was observed between WT1 protein and genders, ages, tumor sizes, pathological patterns, differentiated degrees and pTNM stagings (P > 0.05). Aberrant expression ofβ-catenin protein was closely correlated with differentiation degrees (X2 = 8.224, df = 2, P = 0.016), and the results of further comparisons of differentiation degrees showed that there were significant differences between highly and moderately differentiated groups (P=0.026), and between highly and lowly differentiated groups (P=0.031), but the difference between moderately and lowly differentiated groups was not significant (P = 0.655). Similar to WT1 protein, there was no close relation between the aberrant expression ofβ-catenin protein and genders, ages, tumor sizes, pathological patterns, differentiated degrees and pTNM stagings (P > 0.05). The relationship between WT1 protein expression and aberrant expression ofβ-catenin protein was analyzed by Pearson chi-square independence test (X2=5.915, P=0.015, r=0.331), indicating that the aberrant expression of WT1 protein was closely associated with that ofβ-catenin protein in NSCLC. Conclusions:1. The positive expression rate of WT1 protein expression is 62.5% in NSCLC. 2. The positive expression rate of aberrant β-catenin protein is 72.9% in NSCLC. 3. There is signiifcant association between WT1 protein and lymph node metastasis. WT1 protein expression is higher in non-lymph node metastasis group than in lymph node metastasis group (P0.05). 4. Aberrant protein ofβ-catenin is in reverse relevance with differentiation degrees, and the higher the differentiation degree is, the lower aberrant expression of β-catenin protein will be observed, but there is no significant association between the aberrant expression of β-catenin protein and genders, ages,tumor sizes, pathological patterns, differentiated degrees and pTNM stagings (P>0.05). 5. There is certain relevance between WT1 protein expression and the aberrant expression of β-catenin protein in NSCLC (P < 0.05). 6. WT1 protein andβ-catenin proteins may play certain roles in early events of NSCLC.