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引言国际铁路联盟(UIC)试验研究所(ORE)各成员国铁路代表,为保证客车具有必要的舒适度水平,25年多来一直在进行着有关数据的收集、分析工作并拟订相应的建议。空调系统须符合UIC 553规定的要求。该规定中所包括的标准和准则只涉及到客车内的小气候。为此而采取的技术措施由各国铁路和设计师自行选择,但已经研制了一系列通用化设备。建立小气候的一个最重要的因素是在客室内恒温时有足够的通风量而又感觉不到气流吹拂。各种不同的因素对旅客自我感觉的影响评价不一。此外,每位旅客都是以自己的感觉来对湿度进行评价的。“舒适”这一概念常常用来表述那些与舒适无关的因素。譬如,有了座位还不能认为是舒适了,但是座位的形式和质量如何却是评价舒适度水平的标准。提供足够数量的新鲜空气也不是舒适的
INTRODUCTION Railroad representatives from Member States of the International Union of Railroad Experimental Institutes (UIC) have been collecting and analyzing data for over 25 years in order to ensure the necessary level of comfort for passenger cars and formulate corresponding recommendations. Air-conditioning systems shall comply with the requirements of UIC 553. The standards and guidelines contained in the regulation only concern the microclimate in passenger cars. The technical measures adopted for this purpose are selected by national railways and designers themselves, but a series of universal equipment has been developed. One of the most important factors in establishing microclimates is that there is sufficient ventilation in the guest room at constant temperature without feeling the air flow. The impact of different factors on passengers’ self-perceptions varies. In addition, every traveler evaluates the humidity on their own terms. The concept of “comfort” is often used to express those factors that are not related to comfort. For example, having a seat can not yet be considered as comfortable, but how the form and quality of the seat is a measure of comfort level. It is not comfortable to provide a sufficient amount of fresh air