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目的了解早产儿成长至学龄期的体智力发育。方法联系曾住我院NICU的早产儿,胎龄≤35周或体重≤2000g现已成长至学龄期,自愿参与测查85例,进行智商测定,记录学习成绩,测量身高、体重。将胎龄、体重分别分组进行比较,并将早产组与正常组进行比较,同时整理早期临床资料用多元回归分析寻找母婴疾病对婴儿远期体智力发育的影响。结果本组早产儿平均胎龄(32·8±1·7)周,平均出生体重(1793±357)g,平均测查年龄(9·74±1·86)岁,正常同龄对照组209例。早产组胎龄体重不同,成长至学龄期的智商(IQ)及学习成绩组间差异无统计学意义。早产组与正常对照组的学习成绩比较,其中英文、数学较差,t值分别为(5·623)及(4·761),P<0·001。早产组胎龄体重不同其组间及与对照组8-9岁同龄儿比较,体重及身高差异无统计学意义。除妊高征外,早产儿生后窒息、肺炎、败血症等疾病对成长至学龄期儿童的体智力发育无显著影响。结论本组早产儿以32~34周及1500~2000g为主,成长至学龄期的IQ值及体重身高在正常范围,部分学习成绩较足月正常儿稍差。
Objective To understand the physical and mental development of premature infants up to school age. Method To contact the NICU who had lived in our hospital, whose gestational age ≤35 weeks or body weight ≤2000g has grown up to school age. There are 85 volunteers who participated in the test. The IQ test, the academic record, the height and the weight were measured. The gestational age and body weight were divided into groups for comparison, and the preterm birth group was compared with the normal group. At the same time, the early clinical data were collected to find out the influence of the maternal and infant diseases on the mental development of infants in future by multivariate regression analysis. Results The average gestational age (32.8 ± 1.7) weeks, the average birth weight (1793 ± 357) g, the average test age (9 · 74 ± 1.86) years old, 209 cases of normal age control group . There was no significant difference in gestational age and body weight among preterm births and between IQ and academic achievement when they reached school age. Compared with the normal control group, the scores of English math and math were lower in the preterm group and the control group (t = 5.262 and t = 4.761, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in weight and height between preterm group and gestational age group. In addition to PIH, premature infants with asphyxia, pneumonia, sepsis and other diseases on growth to school-age children’s physical and mental development had no significant effect. Conclusion The preterm infants in this group are mainly 32 to 34 weeks and 1500 to 2000g. The IQ values and weight and height of school-age children are within the normal range, and some of their learning achievements are slightly worse than those of full-term normal children.