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人因自由而成为能够打开各种可能性的未完成者,即能相互敞开自身、呈现自身的存在者,因此,自由的人必定能相互理解、相互承认、相互尊重而存在于共在中。这意味着,自由的人一开始就存在于某种伦理共同体里,而不可能有非社会的自然状态。同时,虽然人类一开始就存在于社会之中,但是,人类社会之为一种“社会”而不只是一种蚁群,则是因为这种社会是能够自由的个体展开出来的共同体。在这个意义上,能自由的成员个体先于且高于共同体。因此,一方面,国家不可能是直接契约出来的,而必定以伦理社会为其基础,因而国家负有伦理使命;另一方面,国家没有理由凌驾于成员个体的自由之上,相反,国家的首要使命就在于最大限度地维护与保障个体的普遍自由。
Human beings, because of freedom, have become unfinished persons capable of opening up various possibilities, that is, they can open themselves to each other and present their own existence. Therefore, the free people must exist in mutual communion, mutual recognition and mutual respect. This means that, from the very beginning, free people existed in some kind of ethical community and there could be no non-social natural states. At the same time, although humankind exists in society from the very beginning, human society is a kind of “society” rather than just an ant colony, because it is a community developed by free individuals. In this sense, the free individual members precede and exceed the community. Therefore, on the one hand, the state can not be a direct contract, but must be based on ethical society, so the country has an ethical mission. On the other hand, the state has no reason to override the individual’s freedom. On the contrary, The primary mission is to maximize the protection and protection of the individual’s general freedom.