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随着岩石工程埋深的逐渐增大,地质力学模型试验的边界问题逐渐成为制约深部岩体模型试验科学性的关键因素之一。柔性加载技术的出现,实现了模型边界应力的均匀加载,但是仍然未能实现模型边界条件的严格相似。依据弹塑性理论,分析了硐室开挖前后实际围岩边界处的应力和位移的变化情况,揭示了现有加载边界条件模拟深部围岩赋存环境时的主要误差来源以及难以适应深部环境模拟的原因,提出以等效弹簧加载装置来模拟深部岩体试验模型边界条件的设想。根据位移和应力的等效推导了加载板等效弹簧刚度的计算公式,并讨论了该方法的优缺点。
With the gradual increase of rock engineering depth, the boundary problem of geomechanical model test gradually becomes one of the key factors restricting the scientificity of deep rock mass model test. The emergence of flexible loading technology, to achieve uniform loading of the model boundary stress, but still failed to achieve the strict similarity of the boundary conditions of the model. Based on the elasto-plastic theory, the changes of the stress and displacement at the actual surrounding rock boundary before and after excavation are analyzed. The main sources of error when the existing loading boundary conditions are used to simulate the occurrence of deep surrounding rock and the difficulties in adapting to the deep environment simulation The author put forward the idea of simulating the boundary conditions of deep rock mass test model with equivalent spring loaded device. Based on the equivalent displacement and stress, the formula for calculating the equivalent spring stiffness of loading plate is deduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.