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山体滑坡是存在于所有大洲的现象,并且在地貌演化中扮演着重要角色。滑坡在全球的很多区域也意味着严重的灾害。尽管滑坡很重要,然而据我们估计,滑坡编目图尚覆盖不到1%的陆地斜坡区域,而且缺乏关于滑坡的类型、数量和分布的系统信息。制作滑坡编目图对记录一个区域内的滑坡发生范围,对调查滑坡的分布、类型、样式、复发性和统计,对确定滑坡易发性、危险性、易损性和风险,以及对研究地貌在块体运动过程控制下的演化具有重要意义。传统的滑坡编目图制作主要依靠立体航空照片目视解译,并辅以野外调查。这样的方法耗时而且占用大量的资源。基于卫星、机载和地面遥感技术的新技术和正在出现的技术,将便利滑坡编目图的制作,减少滑坡编目图编制和系统更新所需要的时间和资源。在这项工作中,我们首先概述滑坡编目的原则,并且回顾制作滑坡编目图,包括基于地貌分析的、基于事件触发的、季节性的,以及多时相的滑坡编目的传统方法。然后,我们检验滑坡编目的近期技术和新技术,考虑了:(1)利用超高分辨率的数字高程模型去分析地表形貌;(2)对不同类型卫星影像,包括全色、多光谱和合成孔径雷达影像的目视解译和半自动分析;(3)方便滑坡野外编目的技术。接下来,我们讨论了利用新的遥感影像数据和技术制作基于地貌分析的、基于事件触发的、季节性的和多时相的滑坡编目图的优点和局限性。最后,我们认为新工具将会帮助改进滑坡编目质量,对所有衍生产品和分析,包括侵蚀研究和地貌景观建模、易发性和危险性评估,以及风险评估,会产生积极的影响。
Landslides are phenomena that exist on all continents and play an important role in the evolution of landscapes. Landslides also mean serious disasters in many regions of the world. Although landslides are important, we estimate, however, that landslide inventories cover less than 1% of land slopes and lack systematic information about the type, magnitude and distribution of landslides. Making a landslide catalog map records the extent of the landslide within a region, investigating the distribution, type, pattern, recurrentness and statistics of the landslide to determine the susceptibility, risk, vulnerability and risk of the landslide, The evolution under the control of mass motion is of great significance. Traditional landslide cataloging mainly rely on the visual interpretation of stereo aerial photographs, supplemented by field investigations. Such a method is time-consuming and consumes a lot of resources. New technologies and emerging technologies based on satellite, airborne and terrestrial sensing technologies will facilitate the production of landslide catalog maps and reduce the time and resources required to compile and update landslide catalog maps. In this work, we first outline the principles of landslide inventories and review the traditional methods of making catalogs of landslides, including those based on geomorphological analysis that are based on event-triggered, seasonal, and multi-temporal landslides. We then examine recent technologies and new techniques for landslide inventory, taking into account: (1) the use of ultrahigh-resolution digital elevation models for the analysis of surface topography; and (2) the analysis of different types of satellite images, including panchromatic, multispectral and Visual Interpretation and Semi-Automatic Analysis of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images; (3) Techniques to Facilitate Cataloging of Landslides in the Field. Next, we discuss the advantages and limitations of using new remote sensing image data and techniques to generate landslide-based, event-triggered, seasonal, and multi-phase landslide catalog maps. Finally, we believe that the new tools will help improve the quality of landslide inventories and have a positive impact on all derivatives and analyzes, including erosion research and landscape modeling, vulnerability and risk assessment, and risk assessment.