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国有企业近年来的经营状况是人们关注的一个焦点。这表现在两个方面:一是尽管工业生产继续保持稳定增长,但经济效益却不能令人满意,亏损增加,利润下降,已成为当前经济生活中的一个突出问题;二是在各种经济成分中,国有大中型企业在国民经济中的主导地位并未改变,但形势比较严峻。在全国37.8万个工业企业中,国有企业7.2万个,其中列入国家财政预算内的企业3.6万个。这些企业的状况直接影响着国民经济的发展。但今年一季度,国有工业企业的经济效益情况相当严峻。从全国来看,亏损的行业和省市在增加。同时,还必须看到,国有企业中,有相当一批是“一五”、“二五”时期建立起来的。现在这些企业设备老化,产品进入衰退期,加上沉重的“办社会”历史包袱和债务负担,极不适应激烈的市场竞争。
The state of affairs of state-owned enterprises in recent years is a focus that people are concerned about. This is reflected in two aspects: First, although industrial production has continued to maintain steady growth, the economic benefits have been unsatisfactory. Losses have increased and profits have declined. This has become a prominent issue in current economic life; the second is in various economic components. The dominant status of state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises in the national economy has not changed, but the situation is rather grim. Among the 378,000 industrial enterprises in the country, there are 72,000 state-owned enterprises, of which 36,000 are listed in the state budget. The status of these enterprises directly affects the development of the national economy. However, in the first quarter of this year, the economic benefits of state-owned industrial enterprises were quite severe. From a national perspective, loss-making industries and provinces and cities are increasing. At the same time, it must also be noted that a considerable number of state-owned enterprises have been established during the “1st-5th” and “2nd-5th” periods. Now that these enterprise equipments are aging, the products have entered a period of recession, coupled with heavy historical burdens and debt burdens of “handling society”, which are extremely uncomfortable with fierce market competition.