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本文探讨了杂交稻亩产一干五百斤的可能性,并从产量构成及栽培措施等方面提供了实现这个指标的途径。一、增苗、保穗,减少一穗粒数,是保持单位面积适宜颖花数和提高成熟粒数的有效方法。但增苗保穗必须和控制措施相结合。否则,单纯追求过多穗数将由于增穗所带来的环境恶化影响,会超过其压缩二次枝梗的有益效果。在总结生产经验和试验结果的基础上提出了两套穗粒构成指标,一个是每亩平均不超过25万穗,平方米保持4.5万粒,这对现实生产亩产超千斤来说是安全稳妥的.另一个是每亩争取30—33万穗,平方米保持5.3万粒,这在配合有关控制措施的前提上将是突破亩产一干五百斤的奋斗方向。二、在高产栽培营养比较充足的情况下,主要是光强不足,决定了弱小分蘖的死亡。而光强恶化的原因,又是分蘖过盛造成的。要改变自然界的这种“反馈”现象,唯一的措施是适度抑制分蘖的发生。抑制的办法是重施基肥,早施返青肥,轻施蘖肥,延长落黄时期,这在壮秧早植和增插苗数的前提下,是提高分蘖成穗且又能保证收获穗数的有效措施。三、除插植时期过晚或返青不良的田块以外,影响成熟率高低的关键在于施肥。在杂交稻不同生育时期的追肥中,进一步证实了松岛提出的 V 字学说。影响成熟率最大的施肥时期是抽穗前的19—43天这段期间,但超过这个时期以外的施肥,对成熟率也并非绝然无关。如果在上述禁期内施用了肥料,即使抽穗前12天或距抽穗41天以前施用的肥料,依然有加重降低成熟率的作用,尤以抽穗前施用的穗肥,加剧的不良作用更甚。此外,还分析了施肥对降低成熟率及诱致倒伏的原因,并提出了黎明杂交种禁止施肥和适度控制的生态标准及大体时期。四、提出了大垄双行和适当放宽穴距、减少穴数的措施将是改善行间光强的可能途径。对此尚应继续研究作出结论。
This article explored the possibility of producing over 500 jin of hybrid rice per mu and provided a means of achieving this indicator in terms of yield composition and cultivation practices. First, increasing seedling, spike, reducing a spike grain, is to maintain the unit area suitable number of spikes and improve the number of mature grain effective method. However, seedling spike must be combined with control measures. Otherwise, simply pursuing excessive spikes will outweigh the beneficial effects of compressing secondary stems due to environmental deterioration caused by increased spike. On the basis of summing up the production experience and the test results, two sets of grain-forming indicators were proposed. One is an average of no more than 250,000 spikes per acre and a 45,000-square-meter area, which is safe and secure for the actual production of super- The other is to strive for 30-33 million spikes per acre, maintaining 53,000 square meters, which will be in the direction of struggle with 500 kilograms per mu to meet the requirements of the relevant control measures. Second, in the high-yielding cultivation of nutrition more adequate circumstances, mainly lack of light intensity, determines the death of weak and small tillers. The reason for the deterioration of light intensity, but also caused by excessive tillering. To change this phenomenon of “feedback” in nature, the only measure is to moderate the occurrence of tillers. Inhibition is re-applied basal fertilizer, as early as the return of green manure, light tillering, extending yellowing period, which in the pre-planting seedlings and seedlings increase the number of premise, is to increase the tillering spike and can ensure the ear harvest Effective measures. Third, in addition to the late planting or turning green poor fields, the impact of the level of maturity is the key to fertilization. In hybrid rice at different stages of the top-dressing, further confirmed Matsushima proposed V-theory. The most mature fertilization period is 19-43 days before heading, but more than this period of fertilization, the maturity rate is not absolutely irrelevant. If fertilizers were applied within the above period, even if the fertilizer was applied 12 days before heading or 41 days before heading, there was still an effect of reducing the rate of maturity, especially the panicle applied before heading, aggravating the adverse effects even more. In addition, the reasons for reducing the ripening rate and lodging induced by fertilization were also analyzed, and the ecological criteria and general periods of dawn hybrids forbidding fertilization and moderate control were put forward. Fourth, proposed a large ridge double line and appropriate relaxation of acupuncture points, measures to reduce the number of points will be possible ways to improve the light intensity between lines. It should continue to study the conclusions.