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一、概述在农业研究中,绝大多数测定项目都是通过抽样来考察的。由于样本通常只是总体的一个很小部份,故在总体特征为随机变数时,就一定带有抽样误差。抽样误差的大小,直接关系到试验结果的精确程度。如果误差太大,结果将很不精确,难以由之作出科学的推断。因此,试验者对于一项测定,应当及时地了解其误差大小,以便在精确度不符合要求时,采取相应的改进措施。本文着重讨论通过调整样本容量n以控制误差、保证所得结果精确度的一般统计方法,並不涉及试验控制的全部问题。
I. Overview In agricultural research, the vast majority of measurement items are investigated by sampling. Since the sample is usually only a small part of the population, sampling errors are always present when the overall characteristics are random variables. The size of the sampling error is directly related to the accuracy of the test results. If the error is too large, the result will be inaccurate and difficult to reason with. Therefore, the test for a determination, it should be timely understanding of the size of the error, so that the accuracy does not meet the requirements, take appropriate corrective measures. This article focuses on the general statistical method of controlling the error by adjusting the sample size n to ensure the accuracy of the results obtained. It does not cover all the problems of test control.