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何谓历史?简单地说历史就是过去所发生的事。历史知识很重要的一个特点是其研究对象早以消失,也不可能再次出现,所以难以被直接观察;建立历史知识所需要的“证据”都是间接来自于过去所遗留下来的史料。而从历史课堂教学实际需要看历史资料主要分为五种:文字材料、表格材料、地图材料、图片材料、媒体资料。众所周知,新版教科书提供了大量的、形式多样的史料,要充分利用这些史料。但历史教科书限于篇幅,提供学生构建历史表象的资料相对有限,因此在历史教学中适当增加史料可以弥补教科书的这一不足。史料的应用既是教科书知识内容的延伸、加固和补充,也是强化学生对于教学内容认识的有效手段。
What is history? To put it simply, history is what happened in the past. One of the most important features of historical knowledge is that its object of study disappears early and can not appear again, so it is hard to be directly observed. The “evidence” needed to establish historical knowledge is indirectly derived from the historical materials left over from the past. The history of teaching from the actual needs of historical data can be divided into five categories: text materials, forms, maps, maps, materials, media materials. As we all know, the new textbook provides a large number of various forms of historical materials, to make full use of these historical materials. However, because history textbooks are limited in length and provide students with relatively limited information on constructing historical representations, proper addition of historical materials in historical teaching can make up for the shortage of textbooks. The application of historical materials is not only an extension, reinforcement and supplement of textbook knowledge, but also an effective way to enhance students’ understanding of teaching contents.