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在过去的大约十万年里,已知共存的人类有四种:早期现代人、尼安德特人、弗洛勒斯人和丹尼索瓦人.早期现代人是我们当代人最近的祖先,形态与我们基本上一致.尼安德特人比早期现代人稍矮但身体和四肢粗壮,平均脑量稍大,晚更新世广布于欧洲,在西亚和中亚也有分布,消失于大约3万年前.古代DNA和形态学上的证据都证实,尼安德特人和早期现代人发生过基因交流.当代人基因组中携带的源自尼安德特人的DNA对当代人的生理机能、形态乃至对某些疾病的患病风险都有影响.弗洛勒斯人化石只出土于印度尼西亚弗洛勒斯岛,身材特别矮小,脑量仅为现代人的三分之一,生活于10~6万年前,其来源与其他人类的关系至今仍是个谜.丹尼索瓦人化石只出土于俄罗斯南西伯利亚阿尔泰地区的丹尼索瓦山洞,生活在大约4万年前,出土了一根手指骨和两颗牙齿.DNA显示其为与尼安德特人和现代人共存的另一种人.美拉尼西亚人基因组中有4.8%?±?0.5%来自丹尼索瓦人,有学者提示丹尼索瓦人与西藏人的基因交流对西藏人适应高原环境有帮助.另有研究称除了上述四种人以外,也许还有另外一种人尚未被发现.
In the past about 100,000 years there have been four types of human co-existence known: the Early Modern, the Neanderthal, the Flores, and the Denisovs. The early modern was the closest ancestor of our present generation , The form is basically the same as ours.Neanders are slightly shorter than the early modern people but the body and limbs stout, slightly larger average brain size, late Pleistocene in Europe, also distributed in West Asia and Central Asia, disappeared in about Thirty thousand years ago, evidence of both ancient DNA and morphology confirmed that there was a genetic exchange between Neandertals and early modern humans, and that the DNA derived from Neandertals carried in the genome of the present generation Function, morphology and even the risk of certain diseases have an impact.Florist fossils were only unearthed in Flores Island, Indonesia, particularly short stature, the brain is only one-third of the modern life, living in The relationship between its origins and other human beings remains a mystery 10 to 60,000 years ago. The Denisova fossils were unearthed only from the Danisova Cave in Altai, South Siberia, Russia, about 40,000 years ago One finger bone and two teeth DNA showed it to be with nia Special and modern coexistence of another person .Melanesian genome of 4.8%? ±? 0.5% from Denisor, some scholars have suggested Denisovans and Tibetans gene exchange to Tibet It is helpful to adapt to the plateau environment, while other studies suggest that in addition to the above four types of people, there may be another type of person that has yet to be discovered.