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目的:评估新生血管性青光眼（NVG）闭角期患者房水内细胞因子浓度的变化并分析其与复发的关系。方法:前瞻性病例对照研究。收集2018年9月至2019年9月就诊于北京大学第三医院眼科的32例（32只眼）NVG闭角期患者（NVG组），所有患者均接受包含抗血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）药物注射、小梁切除术和全视网膜光凝在内的三联序贯治疗并随访至少12个月。NVG组患者在抗VEGF药物注射前、小梁切除术前及NVG复发时收集房水标本，采用流式点阵免疫发光法检测VEGF、白细胞介素（IL）、趋化因子等45种细胞因子的浓度。选取25例增生型糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR）患者（PDR组）和24例年龄相关性白内障患者（白内障组）作为疾病对照组。细胞因子浓度以n M（n Q1，n Q3）表示，NVG组与疾病对照组间细胞因子浓度比较采用非参数Kruskal-Wallisn H检验；NVG复发与未复发患者间细胞因子浓度比较采用Mann-Whitney n U检验。n 结果:NVG组年龄（60±11）岁，男性22例，女性10例；年龄和性别分布与两个疾病对照组相比差异均无统计学意义（均n P>0.05）。NVG组在抗VEGF治疗前、小梁切除术前、复发时房水中VEGF浓度分别为2 151.3（1 433.1，4 280.0）、655.4（287.3，836.3）、2 003.4（1 603.1，2 468.9）ng/L，抗VEGF治疗前和复发时均高于PDR组［453.8（189.9，595.8）ng/L］和白内障组［143.5（112.7，269.8）ng/L］，差异均有统计学意义（均n P<0.05）。NVG组在抗VEGF治疗前房水中细胞程序性死亡蛋白-配体1（PD-L1）浓度［38.9（22.4，50.6）ng/L］高于PDR组［12.0（6.3，20.1）ng/L］和白内障组［14.6（11.4，19.3）ng/L］；CX3C型趋化因子配体1（fractalkine）浓度［242.7（189.0，306.7）ng/L］高于PDR组［131.1（119.1，157.6）ng/L］和白内障组［116.7（10.2，135.9）ng/L］；IL-7浓度［18.0（12.0，32.7）ng/L］高于PDR组［7.7（2.0，10.8）ng/L］和白内障组［3.3（1.9，6.8）ng/L］；嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子（eotaxin）浓度［84.0（52.4，122.7）ng/L］高于PDR组［26.6（17.1，72.3）ng/L］和白内障组［7.1（5.6，14.8）ng/L］；肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体（TRAIL）浓度［3.6（2.8，6.4）ng/L］高于白内障组［1.1（0.3，2.3）ng/L］，差异均有统计学意义（均n P0.05）。6例NVG患者在随访期复发，复发患者在抗VEGF治疗前房水中IL-7浓度为10.5（8.4，16.0）ng/L低于未复发患者治疗前的22.7（15.7，34.1）ng/L，差异有统计学意义（n Z=-2.74；n P0.05). The median concentrations of VEGF in the NVG group before anti-VEGF treatment, before trabeculectomy, and after recurrence were 2 151.3 (1 433.1, 4 280.0) ng/L, 655.4 (287.3, 836.3) ng/L and 2 003.4 (1 603.1, 2 468.9) ng/L respectively. The concentrations of VEGF before anti-VEGF treatment and after recurrence in the NVG group were significantly higher than the PDR group [453.8 (189.9, 595.8) ng/L] and the cataract group [143.5 (112.7, 269.8) ng/L] (alln P<0.05). The median concentration of programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) was 38.9 (22.4, 50.6) ng/L before anti-VEGF treatment, higher than that in the PDR group [12.0 (6.3, 20.1) ng/L] and the cataract group [14.6 (11.4, 19.3) ng/L]. The median concentration of fractalkine was 242.7 (189.0, 306.7) ng/L, higher than that in the PDR group [131.1 (119.1, 157.6) ng/L] and the cataract group [116.7 (10.2, 135.9) ng/L]. The median concentration of IL-7 was 18.0 (12.0, 32.7) ng/L, higher than that in the PDR group [7.7 (2.0, 10.8) ng/L] and the cataract group [3.3 (1.9, 6.8) ng/L]. The median concentration of eotaxin was 84.0 (52.4, 122.7) ng/L, higher than that in the PDR group [26.6 (17.1, 72.3) ng/L] and the cataract group [7.1 (5.6, 14.8) ng/L]. The median concentration of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was 3.6 (2.8, 6.4) ng/L, higher than that in the cataract group [1.1 (0.3, 2.3) ng/L]. All the differences were statistically significant (alln P0.05). Six NVG patients suffered recurrence during the follow-up. The baseline concentration of IL-7 of these patients [10.5 (8.4, 16.0) ng/L] was significantly lower than that in patients who did not have recurred disease [22.7 (15.7, 34.1) ng/L] (n Z=-2.74, n P<0.01).n Conclusions:In the angle-closure stage of NVG patients, the concentrations of VEGF, PD-L1, fractalkine, IL-7, eotaxin, and TRAIL in the aqueous humor significantly increase during the onset of disease. Lower IL-7 may indicate a recurring tendency.