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[目的]对某蓄电池厂415名铅作业工人进行尿铅检测分析,了解该蓄电池厂工人体内铅负荷情况,筛查观察对象,为制定切实可行的预防措施提供依据。[方法]收集415名铅作业工人晨尿,按照WS/T17-1996方法进行尿铅检测。参照GBZ37-2002《职业性慢性铅中毒诊断标准》,尿铅≥0.07mg/L为超标(即观察对象限值),比较不同车间、性别、年龄段间尿铅超标率的差异。[结果]415名铅作业工人尿铅均数为(0.077±0.099)mg/L,超标人数92人,超标率为22.17%。合金车间、化成车间、制板车间、成品车间的工人尿铅超标率分别为37.50%、16.07%、16.25%、33.07%,其超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.59,P=0.001)。男女工人尿铅超标率分别为24.66%和16.26%,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.537,P=0.060)。年龄段越大,超标率越高,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=10.109,P=0.072)。[结论]某蓄电池厂铅作业工人尿铅超标明显;合金车间、成品车间工人的尿铅超标率较高;男性工人尿铅超标率高于女性;工人尿铅超标率有随年龄段增大而增高的趋势。
[Objective] To test the urine lead level of 415 lead workers in a battery factory, understand the lead load of the battery factory workers, screen the objects for observation, and provide the basis for making feasible preventive measures. [Method] Morning urine was collected from 415 lead workers and tested for urinary lead according to the method of WS / T17-1996. Reference GBZ37-2002 “diagnostic criteria for occupational chronic lead poisoning”, urinary lead ≥ 0.07mg / L is excessive (ie, the observed object limit), comparing different workshops, sex, age difference between the urine lead exceeded. [Results] The mean number of lead in urine of 415 lead workers was (0.077 ± 0.099) mg / L, with over-standard number of 92 people and the over-standard rate of 22.17%. The exceeding standard rates of urine lead in workers of alloy workshop, chemical workshop, workshop board and finished product workshop were 37.50%, 16.07%, 16.25% and 33.07%, respectively. The exceeding standard rate of them was significantly different (χ2 = 16.59, P = 0.001). Male and female workers over-standard urine lead were 24.66% and 16.26%, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.537, P = 0.060). The older the age, the higher the rate of over-standard, but the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 10.109, P = 0.072). [Conclusion] The lead excretion of lead workers in a battery factory exceeded the standard remarkably. The excess lead excretion rate of workers in the alloy workshop and finished product workshop was higher than the female workers. The over-standard rate of urine lead in workers increased with age Increasing trend.