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利用光学显微镜(LM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了针茅族7种花粉形态。观察显示,花粉形态均为近球形,具远极单孔,并有萌发孔盖(Operculum)。LM观察到花粉外壁纹饰具粗细不一的颗粒状结构,SEM则可辨不同种类的颗粒或瘤状结构的大小及其形成图案的差异,其中芨芨草属(Achnatherum)花粉外壁纹饰的种间差异尤为显著,而针茅属(Stipa)和落芒草属(Piptatherum)花粉的种间差异并不明显。根据LM图像测量得到了具有生物统计意义的形态学指标,如花粉粒直径(Diameter)、萌发孔直径(Porate diameter)、外壁厚度(Exine thickness)、萌发孔环带直径(Annulus diameter)与宽度(Annulus width),形态学测量数据的统计分析表明:1)花粉大小等级存在一定差异,尤其是细叶芨芨草(A.chingii)花粉个体最大,平均值41.78μm,标准偏差5.26μm,芨芨草(A.splendens)最小,平均值30.75μm,标准偏差1.6μm;2)部分种类的花粉大小与萌发孔环带直径及其宽度、萌发孔直径和外壁厚度呈正相关(细叶芨芨草、展序芨芨草A.brandisii、细弱落芒草P.laterale),也有负相关(长芒草Stipa bungeana,落芒草Piptatherum munroi),3)禾本科花粉形态的生物计量指标具有明确的科学意义和参考价值,既可作为植物分类学修订的辅助依据,也可为同类化石花粉的鉴别提供现代形态学对比依据。
Seven kinds of pollen morphology were observed by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Observations show that the pollen morphology is nearly spherical, with a far-pole single hole, and a germination hole cover (Operculum). LM observed pollen exosite ornamentation with different thickness of the granular structure, SEM is able to discern different types of particles or tumor-like structure of the size and pattern of the formation of differences, which Achnatherum (Pollen) (Achnatherum) Significantly, the interspecies differences between Stipa and Piptatherum pollen were not significant. According to LM images, biometrical morphological indexes such as Diameter, Porate diameter, Exine thickness, Annulus diameter and width ( Annulus width). The statistical analysis of the morphometric data showed that: 1) There were some differences in the pollen size classes, especially the largest in A.chingii pollens, with an average of 41.78 μm, a standard deviation of 5.26 μm, and A. chinense (A. splendens, the average was 30.75μm, and the standard deviation was 1.6μm. 2) The pollen size of some species was positively correlated with the diameter and width of germplasm annulus, the diameter of germination pore and the thickness of outer wall (A. annua, A.brandisii , P.laterale), and negative correlation (Stipa bungeana, Piptatherum munroi); 3) The biometrics of Poaceae pollen morphology has a clear scientific significance and reference value, which can be used as phyto-phylogenetic revisions Of the auxiliary basis, but also for the identification of similar fossil pollen to provide a basis for comparison of modern morphology.