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【目的】探索木薯施肥与盖膜微集雨集成技术,为改善土壤质量、提高木薯产量提供科学依据。【方法】开展田间试验,处理1为施用木薯加工废弃物研制的生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜微集雨技术(在行距畦面上利用农膜覆盖收集雨水进入木薯种植行沟的盖膜模式,盖膜行距畦面高于木薯种植行沟2~3 cm,行距畦面宽80 cm),处理2为习惯施肥栽培(对照,不盖地膜),每个处理施肥量以NPK总养分为900.0 kg/ha计。测定不同处理对木薯生长指标、产量及土壤理化性状的影响。【结果】处理1的土壤速效N、P、K,有机质、含水量、总孔隙度分别比处理2提高9.19%、9.17%、3.32%、8.25%、32.21%、9.60%,容重降低6.25%,可改善土壤p H。处理1木薯叶片叶绿素和叶片干物质、木薯杆茎径、木薯块根茎径、木薯块根长、单株块根条数、单株块根重、木薯块根鲜重、经济效益分别比处理2增加51.36%、11.14%、18.48%、21.57%、18.76%、34.88%、40.04%、31.89%、9033.8元/ha,差异均达显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01)。【结论】采用生物有机肥+测土配方肥+盖膜微集雨技术,可为木薯高产稳产的生长发育提供及时、持续、平衡的养分供应与水肥条件,并可显著改善土壤理化性状。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to explore the integrated technology of cassava fertilization and captive film micro-rain collection to provide scientific basis for improving soil quality and increasing cassava yield. 【Method】 A field experiment was conducted to treat 1 bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing formula fertilizer + cover-film micro-rain collecting technique developed for the processing of tapioca waste (covered with plastic sheeting and collecting rainwater into the ditch Cover film mode, the cover film spacing 畦 surface is higher than the cassava planting row ditches 2 ~ 3 cm, row spacing 畦 wide 80 cm), treatment 2 is the habitual fertilization cultivation (control, not cover the film), each treatment fertilization amount of NPK total Nutrients are 900.0 kg / ha. The effects of different treatments on the growth index, yield and physical and chemical properties of cassava were determined. 【Result】 The soil available N, P, K, organic matter, water content and total porosity of treatment 1 were increased 9.19%, 9.17%, 3.32%, 8.25%, 32.21%, 9.60% and 6.25% Soil p H can be improved. Compared with treatment 2, treatment 1 increased chlorophyll and leaf dry matter, stem diameter of cassava, cassava root diameter, cassava root length, number of single root tuber, root weight of single plant, fresh weight of cassava tuber, economic benefit increased by 51.36% 11.14%, 18.48%, 21.57%, 18.76%, 34.88%, 40.04%, 31.89% and 9033.8 yuan / ha, respectively. The difference was significant (P <0.05) or extremely significant (P <0.01). 【Conclusion】 Bio-organic fertilizer + soil testing compound fertilizer + cover-film micro-rain harvesting technology can provide timely, sustained and balanced nutrient supply and water and fertilizer conditions for the high and stable growth of cassava and significantly improve soil physical and chemical properties.