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目的了解许昌市近年来细菌性食物中毒发生概况,尤其是流行特征及实验室检测情况,为食物中毒的判定、治疗、预防和控制提供依据。方法根据GB/T 4789标准和常规食物中毒检验程序操作,对疑似食物中毒的样品进行检验。结果 5年共发生疑似食物中毒事件59起,送检标本574份;其中38起检出致病菌,检出致病菌69株。由单一致病菌引起的食物中毒35起,由混合菌株引起的食物中毒3起。共检出致病菌6种,检出率最高的是沙门菌(25.42%),其次是副溶血性弧菌(13.56%),变形杆菌(10.17%)。各菌对样品的污染情况是:沙门菌以污染肉类为主,副溶血性弧菌以污染水产品为主,变形杆菌以污染肉类和米菜为主。发生细菌性食物中毒的场所以餐饮业最多,其次是学校餐厅。结论该市细菌性食物中毒以沙门菌和副溶血性弧菌为主,多发生在第3和第2季度,应重点加强餐饮业和学校食堂的卫生监管工作,预防和减少细菌性食物中毒的发生。
Objective To understand the occurrence of bacterial food poisoning in Xuchang City in recent years, especially the epidemiological characteristics and laboratory tests, and provide the basis for the judgment, treatment, prevention and control of food poisoning. Methods According to GB / T 4789 standard and routine food poisoning test procedures, samples suspected of food poisoning were tested. Results A total of 59 suspected food poisoning incidents occurred in 5 years and 574 samples were sent out. Among them, 38 were detected pathogenic bacteria and 69 were pathogenic bacteria. 35 cases of food poisoning caused by a single pathogen, and 3 cases of food poisoning caused by a mixed strain. Six pathogens were detected, the highest detection rate was Salmonella (25.42%), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (13.56%) and Proteus (10.17%). The bacterial contamination of the sample is: Salmonella mainly to contaminate meat, Vibrio parahaemolyticus to contaminated aquatic products, Proteus to contaminated meat and rice-based. Bacterial food poisoning occurs in the restaurant industry, followed by the school restaurant. Conclusion Bacterial food poisoning in the city is dominated by Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, occurring mostly in the 3rd and 2nd quarters. Health supervision should be emphasized in the catering industry and school canteens to prevent and reduce bacterial food poisoning occur.