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东北三省是我国重要的粮食生产和工业基地.近年来,随着经济发展增速加快和产业结构调整力度加大,畜禽养殖业发展迅速,畜禽粪便产生量也快速增加.如何合理处置和利用畜禽粪便对东北三省的农业生产和环境保护都具有重要意义.本研究基于GIS平台,从自然、环境、社会和经济等多方面对东北三省畜禽粪便农田施用的适宜性进行了定量分析和评价.结果表明,东北三省78.9%的耕地适宜施用畜禽粪便,总面积为211942.7km2,主要分布在黑龙江和吉林省的大部分地区.总体来看,与居民区、水体和道路之间的禁施距离,是限制东北三省畜禽粪便耕地施用的关键因子,降雨量差异是影响耕地施用畜禽粪便适宜性地区差异的主要因子.结合适宜施用畜禽粪便的耕地面积和现有畜禽养殖水平,以畜禽粪便排放P2O5为评价指标,36个城市的养殖可发展潜力从四平市超出耕地负荷181.3万头到齐齐哈尔市1120.3万头的盈余,差异较大.从区域分布看,东部区域还有284.2万头的养殖发展空间,西部地区的辽宁中部和吉林中部近一半城市畜禽养殖量已经超过耕地可承载能力,而典型山区林区的养殖业进一步发展的空间相对较小(25.2万头的盈余量),应该适度控制和调整养殖业的发展.
In recent years, with the acceleration of economic growth and the adjustment of industrial structure, the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry and the rapid increase in the production of animal manure have also led to the question of how to properly dispose of The use of livestock and poultry manure on the three northeastern provinces of agricultural production and environmental protection are of great significance.This study based on the GIS platform, from the natural, environmental, social and economic aspects of the three provinces in Northeast China, the appropriateness of the application of manure farmland quantitative analysis And evaluation.The results showed that 78.9% of the arable land in the three northeastern provinces was suitable for livestock excrement with a total area of 211942.7km2, mainly distributed in most areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin Province.Overall, with the residential areas, water bodies and roads The banning distance is the key factor to limit the livestock manure arable land application in the three northeastern provinces, and the difference in rainfall is the main factor that affects the differences in the suitability of livestock manure application in arable land.Combined with the area of arable land suitable for livestock and poultry manure and the existing livestock and poultry farming Level, with P2O5 released from livestock manure as evaluation index, the potential for aquaculture in 36 cities exceeded the farmland load of 1.183 million from Siping City From the regional distribution, there are still 2.8422 million heads of aquaculture in the eastern region, and nearly half of the central Liaoning and central Jilin in the west have more livestock and poultry farms than can be carried in the arable land Capacity. However, the space for further development of aquaculture in typical mountainous forest areas is relatively small (the surplus of 252,000), and the development of aquaculture should be moderately controlled and adjusted.