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【目的】以田间实测数据为基础,研究膜下滴灌灌溉制度对土壤水分变化及棉花产量的影响。【方法】试验根据不同灌溉定额和不同灌水次数设计了12个处理,在灌水前1d利用中子土壤水分仪测定宽、窄行的10、20、40、60、80和100cm深度处中子数,灌水间隔1d后重复此过程,然后将中子数转换为土壤含水率,同时将不同处理条件下棉花产量和灌溉水分生产率进行对比。【结果】灌水次数为16次,不同灌溉定额处理下,10cm深度处灌水前后宽窄行土壤含水率变化不明显。灌水次数为10次,灌溉定额为4500、5100m3/hm2时,棉花生长区域土壤水分出现了深层渗漏,而其它处理条件下,均未出现深层渗漏。灌溉定额为3900m3/hm2,灌水次数为16次的处理产量最高,灌溉定额为4500m3/hm2的处理节水效率达到11.8%,在灌水次数为16、13次时,减产幅度仅为5.5%和3.1%。灌溉定额为3900m3/hm2的2、10处理水分生产率较高,均在1.6kg/m3以上。【结论】灌溉定额越大,灌水次数越少,灌水后宽窄行含水率增大趋势越明显,越容易出现深层渗漏。灌溉定额越大,产量并不是越高,其灌溉水分生产率也不是很好,而中等灌溉定额的产量较高,灌溉水分生产率也是最好的。因此,设计灌溉制度时,应尽量选择中等灌溉定额和灌水次数,同时达到提高产量和节水的效果。
【Objective】 Based on field measurements, the effects of drip irrigation under irrigation on soil moisture and cotton yield were studied. 【Method】 Twelve treatments were designed according to different irrigation quotas and different irrigation times. One neutron soil moisture meter was used to measure the number of neutrons at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm This process was repeated 1d after irrigation interval, and then the neutron number was converted to soil moisture content. Meanwhile, the cotton yield and irrigation water productivity under different treatment conditions were compared. 【Result】 The results showed that the number of irrigation was 16 times. Under different irrigation quotas, there was no obvious change in soil moisture before and after irrigation at 10cm depth. When irrigation times were 10 times and irrigation quota was 4500,5100m3 / hm2, deep seepage occurred in soil moisture in cotton growing area, while no deep seepage occurred under other treatment conditions. Irrigation quota of 3900m3 / hm2, the number of irrigation is 16 times the highest yield, irrigation quota of 4500m3 / hm2 of water-saving treatment efficiency reached 11.8%, when the number of irrigation 16,13 times, the rate of decrease of only 5.5% and 3.1 %. Irrigation quota of 3900m3 / hm2 2,10 high water productivity, all in more than 1.6kg / m3. 【Conclusion】 The larger the irrigation quota, the less the times of irrigation. The more obvious the water cut of wide and narrow rows after irrigation, the more likely the deep seepage occurred. Irrigation quota is larger, the yield is not higher, the irrigation water productivity is not very good, and medium irrigation quota higher output, irrigation water productivity is also the best. Therefore, when designing the irrigation system, we should try to select the medium irrigation quota and the number of irrigation, at the same time to achieve the effect of increasing yield and saving water.