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目的了解鹤庆县山地农耕区鼠、蚤组成和分布状况。方法 2009年11月,在云南鹤庆县按海拔低(1 292m朵美乡)、中(2 210～2 230m金墩乡)、高(2 781～3 063m草海镇)选取调查点,在每个调查点选取3个具有当地代表性的不同类型农耕区,应用铗线法在各类型耕地分别置铗200个进行捕鼠取样。对鼠、蚤进行科属分类、登记和对其分布进行统计分析。结果共采获鼠类4科7属13种236只、蚤类3科6属10种152只。鼠类中齐氏姬鼠占比例最高为47.03%(111/236),蚤类中特新蚤指名亚种占比例最高为40.79%(62/152)。高中低3个海拔的鼠密度分别为22.07%(115/521)、13.32%(77/578)、7.47%(44/589);蚤密度分别为93.91%(108/115)、51.95%(40/77)、9.09%(4/44)。高海拔地区优势鼠种为齐氏姬鼠63.48%(73/115)和大绒鼠20.87%(24/115),优势蚤种为特新蚤指名亚种56.48%(61/108)、棕形额蚤20.37%(22/108);中海拔地区优势鼠种为齐氏姬鼠49.35%(38/77)和大绒鼠37.66%(29/77),优势蚤种为方叶栉眼蚤52.50%(21/40)、棕形额蚤37.50%(15/40);低海拔地区优势鼠种为灰麝鼩45.45%(20/44)和卡氏小鼠31.82%(14/44),优势蚤种为穗缘端蚤100.00%(4/4)。结论鹤庆县高、中海拔地区存在鼠疫发生的潜在威胁,鼠疫监测和防治的重点应放在高中海拔地区。
Objective To understand the composition and distribution of rats and fleas in mountainous farming areas in Heqing County. Methods In November 2009, the investigation points were selected in Heqing County, Yunnan Province at low altitude (1 292m Dumeixiang), Middle (2 210 ~ 2 230m Jindun Township) and Gao (2 781 ~ 3 063m Caohai Township) Three surveyed sites were selected for each type of farming area with local representative. Trail sampling was conducted on 200 types of cultivated land in different types of cultivated land using the trowel method. Species, fleas were classified, registered and the distribution of statistical analysis. Results Totally 236 mice belonging to 4 genera and 7 genera, 13 species belonging to 4 genera, and 152 species belonging to 3 genera, 6 genera and 3 species belonging to fleas were collected. The highest proportion of Rattus norvegicus in rats was 47.03% (111/236), and the highest percentage of Species of New Species fleas was 40.79% (62/152). The densities of high density, low density and high altitude were 22.07% (115/521), 13.32% (77/578) and 7.47% (44/589), respectively. The flea densities were 93.91% (108/115) and 51.95% /77),9.09%(4/44). The dominant species in high altitudes were 63.48% (73/115) and 20.87% (24/115) of M. chrysogenum and 56.48% (61/108) of the dominant flea species, respectively 20.37% (22/108) of frontal flea, 49.35% (38/77) of Merrincense and 37.66% (29/77) of Meriones unguiculatus, respectively, while dominant flea species were Monochamus alternatus 52.50 (21/40) and Lepidoptera fleas 37.50% (15/40). The dominant species of low-altitude region were Musk-ear Muskmelon 45.45% (20/44) and Mus musculus 31.82% (14/44) The flea species were S. scabra 100.00% (4/4). Conclusion There is a potential threat of plague in both high and medium altitude areas in Heqing County. The focus of the plague surveillance and prevention should be placed on high school and high altitude areas.