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目的了解重庆市接触重点职业病危害因素工人高血压检出情况,为进一步制定相关干预策略提供科学依据。方法利用2016年重庆市重点职业病监测与职业健康风险评估数据,统计分析全市接触重点职业病危害因素工人血压水平和高血压检出率。结果共分析在岗工人血压60 952例,平均年龄(37.0±9.9)岁,其中,男性47 960例(占78.7%),女性12 992例(占21.3%)。人群收缩压(SBP)为(122.9±14.5)mm Hg,舒张压(DBP)为(79.5±10.3)mm Hg,男性均高于女性(P<0.01),SBP和DBP水平均随年龄增大而升高(P<0.01)。人群高血压检出率为16.7%,正常高值血压检出率为51.2%,<50岁组正常高值血压检出率随年龄增大呈增高趋势,≥50岁组检出率逐渐下降,而高血压检出率随年龄增大持续增高,≥50岁组呈快速增高趋势(P<0.01)。高血压检出率与地区、行业、企业规模、经济类型和总工龄有关,渝东北生态涵养发展区、采矿业、大型规模企业、国有经济企业、工龄超过15年人群高血压检出率较高,分别是24.6%、22.2%、17.8%、19.2%、24.0%。结论重庆市重点职业病危害接触人群高血压检出率虽不高,但正常高值血压人群占有较大比例,丞需加强对有毒有害作业人高血压防治的宣传教育。
Objective To understand the detection of hypertension in workers exposed to key occupational hazards in Chongqing and to provide scientific basis for further development of relevant intervention strategies. Methods Using the data of 2016 occupational disease surveillance and occupational health risk assessment in Chongqing, we statistically analyzed the blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension among workers exposed to key occupational hazards in the city. Results A total of 60 952 workers with a mean age of 37.0 ± 9.9 years were analyzed. Of these, 47 960 (78.7%) were male and 12 992 (21.3%) were female. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of the population were (122.9 ± 14.5) mm Hg and (79.5 ± 10.3) mm Hg, respectively, higher in males than in females (P <0.01) Increased (P <0.01). The detection rate of hypertension in the population was 16.7%, and the detection rate of normal high blood pressure was 51.2%. The detection rate of normal high blood pressure in 50-year-old group increased with age, the detection rate in 50-year-old group decreased gradually, The detection rate of hypertension continued to increase with age, ≥50-year-old group showed a trend of rapid increase (P <0.01). The detection rate of hypertension is related to the area, industry, enterprise scale, economic type and total length of service. The ecological conservation and development zone in northeast Chongqing, mining industry, large-scale enterprises and state-owned economy enterprises have a higher detection rate of hypertension Respectively, 24.6%, 22.2%, 17.8%, 19.2% and 24.0% respectively. Conclusions Although the detection rate of high blood pressure in key occupational hazards in Chongqing is not high, the population with normal high blood pressure accounts for a large proportion, and the publicity and education on hypertension prevention and control of toxic and harmful workers should be strengthened.