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线粒体钙离子摄入对能量生成、细胞分裂和死亡均具有十分重要的作用,但对该过程的机制却知之甚少。最近研究鉴定出线粒体钙离子单向转运蛋白(MCU,mitochondrial calcium uniporter)和线粒体钙离子摄入蛋白1(MICU1,mitochondrial calcium uptake 1),这两种蛋白都定位于线粒体内膜,均参与钙离子摄入。MCU拥有两个跨膜结构域,显示出钙离子通道活性并对钌红敏感,而MICU1具有两个典型的EF手形结构域,该结构可感知钙离子的变化,可能作为MCU调节蛋白发挥作用。这些研究进展对线粒体内稳态的理解和线粒体相关疾病的治疗具有重要意义。
Mitochondrial calcium uptake plays a very important role in energy production, cell division and death, but little is known about the mechanism of this process. Recent studies have identified mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1), both of which are located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and are involved in calcium ion Ingestion. The MCU has two transmembrane domains that show calcium channel activity and are sensitive to ruthenium red, while MICU1 has two typical EF-hand domains that sense changes in calcium ions and may play a role as MCU-regulated proteins. These advances have important implications for the understanding of mitochondrial homeostasis and the treatment of mitochondria-related diseases.