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中性粒细胞是人体内含量丰富的免疫细胞，在机体的免疫防御中占有举足轻重的地位，在机体感染的初期防御中扮演着第一道防线的重要角色。传统对中性粒细胞的认知，多集中于其在固有免疫中的作用。但研究发现，中性粒细胞与炎症免疫防御密切相关。并于近年发现了除其通过趋化、吞噬及直接杀菌方式来杀灭病原菌的传统机制外的另一种死亡方式———中性粒细胞外网状陷阱（ NETs）。并证实NETs对机体免疫机制的影响起双向调节作用。“,”Neutrophils are immune cells which are abundant in the human body playing a vital role in host immune defense,serving as the first line of the host defense against infection.The traditional cognition of neutrophils is more focused on its role in innate immunity.Research found that neutrophils are closely associ-ated with inflammatory immunity defense.And in recent years neutrophils were found to have another way to kill pathogens in addition to its traditional mechanisms-neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs) different from chemotaxis,phagocytosis and direct sterilization methods.Several studies have confirmed that NETs play a dual-directional regulation role on the body′s immune system.