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目的通过对放射工作人员辐射剂量进行监测,探讨电离辐射对放射工作人员细胞遗传学的影响。方法采用流行病学中队列研究的方法,选取唐山市内1 392名放射工作人员作为观察组,选取无射线接触史且其他条件与观察组具有可比性的143名身体健康者为对照组。分别行一般情况调查、放射剂量测量、微核检测、染色体畸变检测。结果放射线接触组微核率和染色体畸变率均明显高于对照组。按不同工种分组,观察组微核率和染色体畸变率依照医学放射诊断组、工业探伤组、工业用放射源组、医学放免放疗组的次序呈现出一定程度的递增趋势。按不同工龄分析,<10、10～20和>20 a工龄组的放射工作人员细胞微核异常率分别为10.8%、16.2%、24.8%,对照组为2.1%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);染色体畸变异常率亦随放射工龄的增加而升高。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着累积辐射剂量的增加,放射工作人员累积微核异常率、累积染色体畸变异常率也随之增加。结论电离辐射对放射工作人员健康状况产生一定程度的影响,淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率将会有所增高。从事不同放射工种的放射工作人员受到的辐射损伤不同,放射工作人员受到的辐射损伤与接触射线年限有关,放射工龄越长,累积电离辐射剂量越高,细胞微核率和染色体畸变率越高,其对机体造血系统的损伤越严重,细胞微核率、染色体畸变率与累积辐射剂量均具有一定程度的关联。
Objective To monitor the effects of ionizing radiation on the cytogenetics of radiation workers by monitoring the radiation dose of radiation workers. Methods A total of 1 392 radiologists in Tangshan City were selected as the observation group by epidemiological cohort study. 143 healthy persons who had no history of radiation exposure and whose other conditions were comparable with the observation group were selected as the control group. General survey, radiation dose measurement, micronucleus test, chromosome aberration test. Results The rates of micronucleus and chromosome aberration in the radiation exposure group were significantly higher than those in the control group. According to the different working groups, the micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate in the observation group showed a certain degree of increasing trend according to the order of the medical radiological diagnosis group, the industrial detection group, the industrial radioactive source group and the medical radiotherapy radiotherapy group. According to the analysis of different length of service, the micronucleus anomalies of radiation workers in 10, 20, 20 and 20 years old age groups were 10.8%, 16.2% and 24.8%, respectively, and 2.1% in the control group, the difference was statistically significant P <0.05 or 0.01). The aberration rate of chromosome aberration also increased with the increase of radioactive age. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). With the increase of cumulative radiation dose, radiation workers accumulate micronucleus anomalies and accumulate abnormal chromosomal aberrations. Conclusion Ionizing radiation has a certain impact on the health status of radiation workers. The micronuclei rate and chromosome aberration rate of lymphocytes will be increased. Radiation workers engaged in different radioactive workers are exposed to different types of radiation damage. Radiation workers are exposed to radiation injuries related to exposure to radiation. The longer the radiation age and the higher cumulative ionizing radiation dose, the higher the rates of micronuclei and chromosome aberrations, Its damage to the hematopoietic system is more serious, and the micronucleus rate, chromosome aberration rate and cumulative radiation dose have a certain degree of correlation.