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丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是引起慢性肝病的主要病原之一,属黄病毒科,基因组为单股正链RNA,全基因组约9.6 kb[1]。目前全世界HCV感染者很可能已超过2.0亿[2]。我国人群抗HCV阳性率为3.2%,约有近4千万感染者[3]。大部分HCV感染转为慢性感染,其中20%慢性丙型肝炎患者发展为肝硬化,另外20%进展为肝细胞癌。HCV基因分型与病程发展和干扰素治疗应答有密切的关系[1],因此,HCV基因分型的检测对控制丙型肝炎的传播、提高丙型肝炎的治疗效果非常重要。本文将对HCV基因分型检测方法研究现状做一综述。
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major pathogens causing chronic liver disease. It belongs to the genus Flaviviridae and its genome is single-stranded positive-stranded RNA. The whole genome is about 9.6 kb [1]. At present, HCV infection worldwide is likely to have more than 200 million [2]. Our country population anti-HCV positive rate was 3.2%, about 40 million people infected [3]. Most HCV infections turn to chronic infections, with 20% of patients with chronic hepatitis C developing cirrhosis and the other 20% progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV genotyping is closely related to the development of disease course and the response to interferon therapy [1]. Therefore, the detection of HCV genotypes is very important for controlling the spread of hepatitis C and improving the therapeutic effect of hepatitis C. This article reviews the current status of HCV genotyping assays.