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研究显示条件性关联学习和条件性消退存在周期相关差异。近年来,学者们采用事件相关电位技术分析关联学习和消退的情况。本研究旨在用事件相关电位技术和条件性关联学习模型相结合的方法,考察生理性别和女性生理周期对条件性关联学习和条件性消退的影响。实验分为两个阶段:条件性关联学习阶段和消退阶段。在条件性关联学习阶段,在可预测情境下,条件刺激后100%匹配负性或中性图片;在不可预测情境下,条件刺激之后20%匹配负性或中性图片。在消退阶段,只出现条件性刺激,从不出现图片。结果显示,在条件性关联学习阶段,黄体期女性较男性表现增大的P2波幅,经期女性也较男性表现更大的P2波幅。在消退阶段,黄体期女性较男性体现更大的P2波幅,而男性和经期女性的P2波幅没有显著差异。以上结果表明女性生理周期影响条件性关联学习和条件性消退的性别差异,提示黄体期女性较男性对条件性关联学习和条件性消退投入了更多的注意资源,习得更强的条件刺激和非条件刺激之间的联结,且消退得更慢,这可能是女性月经前焦虑障碍的原因之一。
Studies show that there is a period-related difference between conditional association learning and conditional regression. In recent years, scholars have used incident-related potentials to analyze the association learning and regression. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physiological gender and female physiologic cycles on conditional learning and conditioned regression using a combination of event-related potentiometry and conditional association learning models. The experiment is divided into two stages: conditional learning phase and extinction phase. In the conditional relevancy learning phase, 100% of conditioned stimuli match negative or neutral images in predictable situations, and 20% of negative or neutral images after conditional stimuli in unpredictable situations. In the subsided phase, only a conditional stimulus, never appear picture. The results showed that during the period of conditional learning, the amplitude of P2 in the luteal phase increased more than that of the male, and the amplitude of P2 in the menstrual phase was also higher than that in the male. In the receding phase, the luteal phase women showed greater P2 amplitude than men, while there was no significant difference in the amplitude of P2 between men and women. The above results show that female physiological cycle affects the gender differences in conditional association learning and conditional regression, suggesting that the luteal phase women than the male conditional learning and conditional regression into more attention to resources, to learn more conditions to stimulate and Unconditional stimulation of the link between, and to subside more slowly, which may be one of the reasons women’s premenstrual dystrophy.