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The second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been proposed as a putative biomarker for prenatal testosterone and covaries with the sensitivity of the androgen receptor (AR).Both prenatal testosterone and the AR play a central role in penile growth.In this study,we investigated the relationship between digit ratio and penile length.Korean men who were hospitalized for urological surgery at a single tertiary academic centre were examined in this study,and 1[44]men aged 20 years or older who gave informed consent were prospectively enrolled.Right-hand second- and fourth-digit lengths were measured by a single investigator prior to measurement of penile length.Under anaesthesia,flaccid and stretched penile lengths were measured by another investigator who did not measure nor have any the information regarding the digit lengths.Univariate and multivariate analysis using linear regression models showed that only height was a significant predictive factor for flaccid penile length (univariate analysis: r=0.185,P=0.026; multivariate analysis:r=0.172,P=0.038) and that only digit ratio was a significant predictive factor for stretched penile length (univariate analysis:r=-0.216,P=0.009; multivariate analysis: r=-0.201,P=0.024; stretched penile length=-9.201 xdigit ratio+20.577).Based on this evidence,we suggest that the digit ratio can predict adult penile size and that the effects of prenatal testosterone may in part explain the differences in adult penile length.