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悲剧,作为审美范畴是和美联系在一起的,当美的事物毁灭之时,悲剧便应运而生。何谓悲剧?亚里斯多德说:“悲剧是对于一个严肃、完整、有一定长度的行动的模仿,……借引起怜悯与恐惧来使这种感情得到陶冶。”(《诗学》第六章)法国美学家狄德罗、俄罗斯文学家别林斯基和德国剧评家莱辛,都把骇人听闻的事件、不幸和苦难归入到悲剧的范畴。鲁迅则认为,“悲剧将人生的有价值的东西毁灭给人看。”(《再论雷蜂塔的倒掉》)以上悲剧论述的共同之处,就在于他们都把悲剧看成是美的有价值的事物的毁灭,看成是悲剧艺术的基础和实质,这对于悲剧艺术的本质特征和审美价值的认识达到了很高的水平。
Tragedy, as an aesthetic category is associated with the United States, when the destruction of the United States, the tragedy came into being. What is tragedy? Aristotle said: “Tragedy is an imitation of a serious, complete, and certain length of action ... to induce such feelings by inducing compassion and fear.” (Chapter VI of Poetics ) The French esthetician Diderot, the Russian writer Belinsky and the German playwright Lessing all classified the horrifying events, misfortunes and miseries into the tragedy category. Lu Xun argues that “the tragedy gives people the appearance of destroying valuable things in life.” (“Rethinking the Fall of the Lego Tower”) The tragedies discussed above have in common that they regard the tragedy as being beautiful The destruction of value things is regarded as the foundation and essence of the tragedy art, which reaches a very high level of understanding of the essential characteristics and aesthetic value of the tragedy art.