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目的研究广东省中小学生呼吸机能发育特征及动态变化趋势。方法利用广东省1991―2014年6次学生体质健康调研数据,采用肺活量和肺活量指数为评价指标分析7~18岁中小学生呼吸机能发育动态变化趋势。结果 24年间,各年龄组男、女生平均肺活量分别下降350和400 m L,其中18岁组分别下降481和568 m L。各年龄组男、女生平均肺活量指数分别下降16.3和15.5 m L/kg,其中18岁组分别下降12.7和12.5 m L/kg。各年龄组城市男生肺活量降幅均大于乡村男生(P<0.05或P<0.01),多数年龄组城市女生肺活量降幅大于乡村女生(P<0.05或P<0.01);男生肺活量降幅城乡差异平均为35 m L/10年,女生肺活量降幅城乡差异平均为20 m L/10年。结论广东省中小学生呼吸机能指标呈现整体性、连续性负增长,建议采取运动干预措施促进学生体质健康均衡发展。
Objective To study the developmental characteristics and dynamic changes of respiratory function in primary and secondary school students in Guangdong Province. Methods Based on the data of 6 physical fitness surveys of students from 1991 to 2014 in Guangdong Province, the vital capacity and vital capacity index were used to evaluate the dynamic changes of respiratory function in primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years. Results During 24 years, the average vital capacity of boys and girls in each age group decreased by 350 and 400 m L, respectively, of which 481 and 568 m L decreased by 18 years. The average vital capacity index of males and females in each age group decreased by 16.3 and 15.5 m L / kg, respectively, while the 18-year-old group decreased by 12.7 and 12.5 m L / kg, respectively. The drop in vital capacity of urban boys in all age groups was greater than that of boys in rural areas (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The decline of vital capacity of urban girls in most age groups was greater than that of rural girls (P <0.05 or P <0.01) In L / 10 years, the difference in female vital capacity between urban and rural areas averaged 20 m L / 10 years. Conclusions The primary and secondary school students ’respiratory function indicators in Guangdong Province are overall and negative continuously increasing. It is suggested that sports interventions should be taken to promote the balanced development of students’ physique and health.