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在世界各地普遍面临日益严峻水危机的情况下,如何保证有限水量公平分配,已成为我国发展民生水利的重要组成部分,直接关系到我国水资源可持续发展。论文结合现阶段我国基本水情,选择与人民生活密切相关的生活用水,提出一种按城镇生活用水和农村生活用水构建的二元结构模型来计算用水基尼系数,将其作为我国生活用水量分配的公平性判断。根据我国1980、1985、1990、1995、2000、2005年人口、用水定额、城镇生活用水、农村生活用水数据,计算了我国用水基尼系数变化过程。结果表明,我国居民生活用水基尼系数基本趋于稳定,用水总体趋于公平。但1980—2000年一直有增高的趋势。因此,在应对气候变化对我国用水安全的挑战中,必须对此引起重视,防患于未然。
Under the circumstance that the water crisis is getting worse day by day in all parts of the world, how to ensure the fair distribution of the limited water has become an important part of our country’s development of water for people’s livelihood and has a direct bearing on the sustainable development of water resources in our country. Combining with the basic water conditions in our country at the present stage, this paper selects domestic water closely related to people’s life and proposes a binary structure model constructed according to urban domestic water and rural domestic water to calculate the water Gini coefficient, which is used as domestic water consumption distribution Judgment of fairness. Based on the data of population, water quota, urban living water and rural domestic water use in 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005 in our country, the process of the Gini coefficient of water use in our country was calculated. The result shows that the Gini coefficient of household water consumption in our country basically stabilizes, and the water consumption generally tends to be fair. However, there has been an upward trend in 1980-2000. Therefore, in response to the challenge of climate change on China’s water security, we must pay attention to this, take preventive measures.