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目的分析2005―2015年黄冈市水痘疫情流行病学特征,为制定黄冈市水痘预防控制策略提供参考依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2005―2015年黄冈市水痘疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005―2015年全市共报告水痘病例11 702例,年均发病率为16.24/10万。发病高峰主要集中在5―6月以及11月至次年1月,分别占病例总数的32.23%(3 772例)和34.79%(4 071例)。报告病例数居前3位的分别为武穴市2 981例(40.30/10万)、黄州区1 626例(40.79/10万)和麻城市1 495例(13.80/10万)。男性7 235例,女性4 467例,男女性别比为1.62∶1。发病年龄主要集中在<15岁年龄段,占总病例数的88.50%,其中3~9岁年龄组发病较集中,占56.59%。病例职业以学生、散居儿童、托幼儿童为主,分别占病例总数的55.85%(6 536例)、20.52%(2 401例)和18.75%(2 194例)。11年间全市共报告水痘相关突发公共卫生事件29起,农村小学是水痘疫情发生的主要场所(23起,占79.31%)。结论黄冈市水痘疫情所引起的公共卫生问题不容忽视,建议进一步加大水痘相关健康教育宣传力度和扩大水痘疫苗接种人群的覆盖面。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of chickenpox in Huanggang City from 2005 to 2015 and provide a reference for formulating the prevention and control of chickenpox in Huanggang. Methods The data of epidemic situation of chicken pox in Huanggang City from 2005 to 2015 were collected through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation. Results A total of 11 702 cases of chickenpox were reported in the city from 2005 to 2015, with an average annual incidence of 16.24 / 100 000. The peak incidence mainly concentrated in May-June and November to January next year, accounting for 32.23% (3 772 cases) and 34.79% (4 071 cases) of the total cases respectively. The top three reported cases were 2 981 cases (40.30 / 100000) in Wuxue County, 1 626 cases (40.79 / 100000 cases in Huangzhou Region) and 1 495 cases (13.80 / 100000 cases) in Ma City. There were 7 235 males and 4 467 females, with a sex ratio of 1.62: 1. The age of onset mainly concentrated in <15 years of age, accounting for 88.50% of the total number of cases, of which age range of 3-9 years of age was more concentrated, accounting for 56.59%. Case occupations were mainly students, diasporas and nurseries, accounting for 55.85% (6 536 cases), 20.52% (2 401 cases) and 18.75% (2 194 cases) of the total cases respectively. In the 11 years, a total of 29 public health incidents of chickenpox were reported in the city. Rural primary schools were the main sites for occurrence of chickenpox (23 cases, accounting for 79.31%). Conclusions Public health problems caused by epidemic situation of chickenpox in Huanggang can not be neglected. It is suggested that further efforts should be made to promote the publicity of chickenpox-related health education and expand the coverage of chickenpox vaccinated people.