论文部分内容阅读
目的了解云浮市主要职业病危害与接触人群,职业病发病情况及其分布,为制定职业病防治政策提供科学依据。方法运用现场流行病学调查和随机抽样方法,自行设计调查表,于2013年6月—2014年5月对该市辖区内工业企业进行随机调查,统一录入调查数据并进行统计分析。结果共调查1 300家企业,以小型企业为主(96.7%),涉及12个行业,以非金属矿物制品业为主(80.2%),主要职业病危害因素是粉尘和噪声;职业病危害因素检测率只有25.1%,其中小型企业最低(10.9%);职业病危害接触比例为47.0%,其中小型企业接触比例最高(61.1%);不同职业病危害因素接触比例男性高于女性;小型企业职业健康检查率最低(5.5%);12例职业病患者均为尘肺病,全部为农民工。结论该市职业病危害以尘肺病为主,发病人群集中在小型私营企业,外来农民工是职业病危害的高危人群,小型私营企业是主要职业病危害用人单位,是有关部门监管的重点对象。
Objective To understand the major occupational hazards and the contact population, the incidence and distribution of occupational diseases in Yunfu City and provide a scientific basis for formulating the prevention and control policies of occupational diseases. Methods A questionnaire was designed by field epidemiological investigation and random sampling method. From June 2013 to May 2014, random surveys were conducted on industrial enterprises in the area under the jurisdiction of the city, and the survey data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 1 300 enterprises were surveyed, with small enterprises (96.7%) and 12 industries, mainly non-metallic mineral products (80.2%). The main occupational hazards were dust and noise. Occupational hazards detection rate Only 25.1%, the lowest was small business (10.9%); the proportion of occupational disease exposure was 47.0%, the highest was small business (61.1%); the proportion of different occupational hazards was higher than that of female; the lowest rate of occupational health checkup (5.5%). All 12 cases of occupational diseases were pneumoconiosis, all of them migrant workers. Conclusion The main occupational hazards of this city are pneumoconiosis. The incidence of the disease is concentrated in small private enterprises. Migrant workers are the high risk groups of occupational diseases. Small private enterprises are the major occupational hazards applicants, and they are the key targets of relevant departments’ supervision.