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目的对中国-老挝(中老)边境地区的蚊虫种群组成及分布、群落优势度、多样性、均匀性和地理生态位宽度(Bi)等生态特征进行调查,为中老边境地区的蚊媒疾病防控及相关生态研究提供参考。方法 2012-2015年8-10月在中老边境地区12个县(市、区)建立调查点,在居民区用诱蚊灯对夜间活动的成蚊进行通宵诱捕,并进行形态分类鉴定计数,对中老边境蚊虫构成比、密度、群落指数和Bi进行计算,比较差异性。结果共捕获蚊虫3亚科13属58种(亚种)26 061只,其中中国边境捕获3亚科11属46种(亚种)20 410只,老挝边境捕获2亚科10属36种5 651只;三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊均为中老边境地区的优势种,中国边境两蚊种分别占捕获总数的52.05%和23.58%,老挝边境两蚊种分别占捕获总数的54.24%和12.42%;中老边境三带喙库蚊的构成比差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.031,P>0.05),中华按蚊构成比差异有统计学意义(χ~2=330.332,P<0.05);中老边境地区的总蚊、优势种三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊的平均密度差异无统计学意义(t=1.120、1.103、1.385,均P>0.05),蚊虫优势集中指数、多样性指数及均匀度指数差异均无统计学意义(t=0.682、-1.736、-1.788,均P>0.05);中老边境地区各县(市、区)蚊虫多样性变化依次为风沙里>琅勃拉邦>南塔>会晒>乌赛>景洪>江城>勐腊>勐醒>思茅>勐海>奔泰;中老边境地区的三带喙库蚊、骚扰阿蚊和可赫按蚊的Bi值较大,分别为0.810 9、0.746 1和0.742 6;中国边境的中华按蚊、三带喙库蚊和骚扰阿蚊Bi值较大,分别为0.880 2、0.875 1和0.809 5;老挝边境的骚扰阿蚊、三带喙库蚊和须喙按蚊Bi值较大,分别为0.944 7、0.895 1和0.880 8。结论中老边境地区蚊虫种群丰富度均较高,群落内各蚊种数量分布均匀、结构稳定及蚊虫生态特征类似;三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为该地区数量最多、分布最广的蚊种。
Objective To investigate the ecological characteristics of mosquito population composition, distribution, community dominance, diversity, uniformity and geographical niche breadth (Bi) in the border areas between China and Laos (Middle-old) Prevention and control and related ecological research. Methods From August to October of 2012-2015, investigation points were established in 12 counties (cities and districts) in the border area of Zhonglao and Laos, and alluring mosquitoes at night during nighttime were trapped by mosquito lamps in residential areas. The morphological classification and identification were performed. On the border of the old mosquito composition ratio, density, community index and Bi were calculated to compare the difference. Results A total of 26 061 58 subfamilies (subspecies) were collected from 3 subfamilies of mosquitoes, of which 20 410 were from 46 species (subspecies) of 11 genera of 3 subfamilies in China border and 36 species of 10 genera of 2 subfamilies were captured along Laos border Only Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis were the dominant species in the border area of China and the Laos, accounting for 52.05% and 23.58% of the total catch respectively on the border of China and 54.24% of the total number of the two mosquitoes on the border of Laos and (Χ2 = 1.031, P> 0.05). There was a significant difference in the constituent ratio of Anopheles sinensis (χ ~ 2 = 330.332, P <0.05) . There was no significant difference in the average density of the dominant mosquitoes, dominant species, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis in the middle and old border areas (t = 1.120,1.103,1.385, all P> 0.05), and the dominant concentration index and diversity (T = 0.682, -1.736, -1.788, all P> 0.05). The changes of mosquito diversity in the counties (cities and districts) in the border area between Zhonglao and Laoxian were as follows: Labang> Nanta> Huishan> Wusai> Jinghong> Jiangcheng> Mengla> Mengxu> Simao> Menghai> Beitai; Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Harassment of Anopheles and Anchorage in the Middle-old Border Areas Bi value Were 0.810 9,0.746 1 and 0.742 6 respectively. Bi value of Anopheles sinensis, Culex tritaeniorhynx and Haramia mosquito in the border of China were relatively high, 0.880, 2.0875 1 and 0.809 5 respectively. Harassment on the border of Laos Mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles dorsalis had higher Bi values of 0.944 7, 0.895 1 and 0.880 8, respectively. Conclusions The population of mosquitoes in the border areas of middle and old areas is high, the number of mosquitoes in the communities is distributed evenly, the structure is stable and the ecological characteristics of mosquitoes are similar. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis are the mosquitoes with the largest number and the most widespread in the area Species.