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目的了解苏州市居民自杀死亡的流行病学特点及自杀模式,为采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法收集苏州市2003-2012年居民死亡医学证明书,每年进行漏报调查、核对信息后对自杀数据进行分析。结果 2003-2012年年均自杀死亡率4.58/10万;10年间,自杀死亡率整体呈逐年下降趋势,2012年死亡率比2003年下降了54.88%,其中女性下降率(61.85%)高于男性(47.13%),30~40岁年龄组降低幅度最大(78.54%)。女性杀虫剂自杀死亡率高于男性,男性悬吊、绞勒和窒息自杀死亡率高于女性,差异均有统计学意义(U值分别为3.57、4.32,P<0.01)。自杀死亡率随年龄增长呈明显上升趋势(χ2趋势=1 772.04,P<0.01)。农村居民自杀死亡率高于城区,差异有统计学意义(U=19.59,P<0.01),其中,城市中第1位自杀方式是悬吊、绞勒和窒息自杀(38.88%),农村第1位是杀虫剂自杀(49.84%)。结论 2003-2012年苏州市居民自杀死亡率低于全国水平,老年人群和农村地区发生率较高,应加强干预。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of suicides and suicide patterns of residents in Suzhou and provide the basis for effective interventions. Methods The medical certificate of death of residents in Suzhou City from 2003 to 2012 was collected. The omissions were reported annually and the suicide data were analyzed after checking the information. Results The annual average suicide death rate was 4.58 / lakh from 2003 to 2012. The suicidal mortality rate showed a decreasing trend year by year in 10 years and 54.88% in 2012 compared with that in 2003, of which the female rate of decline was 61.85% (47.13%), the largest reduction in the age group of 30 ~ 40 years (78.54%). The mortality rates of female insecticides were higher than those of male ones. The death rate of male suspension, strangulation and suffocation suicide was higher than that of female (U = 3.57, 4.32, P <0.01 respectively). Mortality rate of suicide increased significantly with age (χ2 trend = 1 772.04, P <0.01). The suicide rate of rural residents was higher than that of urban areas (U = 19.59, P <0.01). Among them, the first urban suicide method was suspension, strangulation and suffocation suicide (38.88%), Bit is pesticide suicide (49.84%). Conclusion The suicidal mortality rate of residents in Suzhou city is lower than the national level in 2003-2012, the incidence of suicides and rural areas is high, and interventions should be strengthened.