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脂质代谢紊乱与冠心病的关系,长期以来虽受广泛重视,但多集中注意低密度脂蛋白(LDL,β脂蛋白)和最低密度脂蛋白(VLDL,前β脂蛋白)浓度升高对动脉粥样硬化的促进作用。近年来,一些研究指出,血浆中的高密度脂蛋白(HDL,α脂蛋白)具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。 HDL一般可再分为HDL_2和HDL_3,HDL_2密度为1.063～1.125,含蛋白质40％,脂质60％;HDL_3密度为1.125～1.210,含蛋白质55％,脂质45％。蛋白质中主要为载脂蛋白(又称阿朴蛋白或酶蛋白Apoprotein)A_1和A_2,占90％以上。HDL_2和HDL_3的关系未明。肝脏是合成HDL的主要部位。 HDL是胆固醇正常代谢所必需,它与细胞的游离胆固醇有高度亲和力。在卵磷酯-胆固醇酰基转移酶(LCAT)的参与下,HDL能将肝外组织,包括动脉壁的胆固醇转运至肝脏
Although the relationship between lipid metabolism disorders and coronary heart disease has been widely recognized for a long time, much attention has been paid to the effects of elevated concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL, beta lipoprotein) and the lowest density lipoprotein (VLDL, prebeta lipoprotein) Atherosclerosis promoting effect. In recent years, some studies have pointed out that plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL, α-lipoprotein) has anti-atherosclerotic effects. HDL can be subdivided into HDL_2 and HDL_3. HDL_2 has a density of 1.063-1.125, contains 40% protein and 60% lipid, HDL_3 has a density of 1.125-1.210, contains 55% protein and 45% lipid. Proteins mainly apolipoprotein (also known as apoprotein or protein Apoprotein) A_1 and A_2, accounting for more than 90%. The relationship between HDL_2 and HDL_3 is unknown. The liver is a major site for the synthesis of HDL. HDL is necessary for the normal metabolism of cholesterol, it has high affinity with free cholesterol in cells. With the involvement of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), HDL can transport extrahepatic tissues, including arterial wall cholesterol, to the liver