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本文采用组织经济学的分析框架,对研发联盟的组织与治理研究进行了全面总结和梳理。我们从组织的关键维度来界定研发联盟,并阐述了技术特征、行业特征和企业特征对研发联盟组建的影响。我们认为,参与方需要在事前基于组织形式、合作伙伴特征以及研发合作的固有属性,为研发联盟选择相匹配的各种正式治理机制或非正式机制。从最大化社会福利的角度看,无论在研发联盟的组建还是治理方面,政府都应该运用适当的政策工具来提高研发联盟成功运作的可能并提升其研发绩效。文章最后指出了该领域未来进一步研究的若干方向。
This article uses the analysis framework of the organization economics to conduct a comprehensive summary of the R & D alliance organization and governance research. We define the R & D alliance from the key dimensions of the organization and describe the impact of technical, industry, and business characteristics on R & D alliances. In our opinion, participants need to select, in advance, a variety of formal governance mechanisms or informal mechanisms that match the R & D alliance based on the organizational form, the characteristics of their partners and the inherent attributes of R & D collaboration. From the viewpoint of maximizing social welfare, governments should use appropriate policy tools to improve the chances of successful operation of R & D alliances and improve their research and development performance, both in terms of the R & D alliance and governance. Finally, the article points out several directions for further research in this area.