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目的:了解孕妇营养的摄入水平及食物种类,以便提供合理的建议,指导孕妇保健。方法:选择武汉市江岸区就诊的孕早期和孕中期妇女681例作为调查对象,采用24h膳食回顾法,对孕妇的膳食摄入状况进行分析。结果:44.6%的孕妇能量摄入不足,三大营养素的能量供给显示:脂肪供给量偏高,占总能量比例为34.6%,碳水化合物供给偏低,占总能量比例为49.1%。维生素中硫胺素、核黄素、维生素C、维生素A摄入不足的孕妇比例较大,分别为85.5%、59.2%、56.7%、41.0%。52.0%的孕妇钙摄入不足,44.3%的孕妇锌摄入不足,33.5%的孕妇铁摄入不足。结论:孕妇蛋白质摄入基本充足,且优质蛋白质所占比例适宜,但孕妇的膳食摄入仍以多种营养素摄入不足为主要问题,摄入的能量在数量和结构上有待调整,增加B族维生素和钙、铁、锌等的摄入,建议加强孕妇营养健康教育,改善不合理的饮食习惯。
Objectives: To understand the nutritional intake of pregnant women and food types in order to provide reasonable advice to guide the health of pregnant women. Methods: A total of 681 pregnant women in the first trimester and the second trimester of Wuhan were enrolled in this study. The dietary intake of pregnant women was analyzed by a 24-hour diet review. Results: 44.6% of pregnant women had insufficient energy intake. The energy supply of the three nutrients showed that the fat supply was high, accounting for 34.6% of the total energy, and the carbohydrate supply was low, accounting for 49.1% of the total energy. The proportion of pregnant women with inadequate intake of thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C and vitamin A in vitamins was 85.5%, 59.2%, 56.7% and 41.0%, respectively. 52.0% pregnant women lack of calcium intake, 44.3% pregnant women lack of zinc intake, iron deficiency in 33.5% of pregnant women. Conclusion: The intake of protein in pregnant women is basically adequate, and the proportion of high-quality protein is appropriate. However, the intake of pregnant women remains the main problem of insufficient intake of multiple nutrients. The energy intake needs to be adjusted in quantity and structure, Vitamin and calcium, iron, zinc and other intake, it is recommended to strengthen nutrition and health education for pregnant women, to improve unreasonable diet.