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[目的]研究施肥对不同处理的土壤修复作用。[方法]利用盆栽试验对长期不合理施肥导致土壤养分失衡及生产力下降的土壤进行施肥修复。[结果]试验结果表明:有机、无机肥配合施用是快速修复土壤养分和提高生产力的最佳方法;NP、NPK是既均衡土壤肥力又提高作物产量的无机肥施用方式;对土壤有效磷、氮极度缺乏的土壤,单施磷肥、氮肥效果极显著,其肥效在小麦上与NPK相同。[结论]长期施化肥的土壤对化肥的依赖性更强,停止施肥,玉米产量下降78.6%,小麦产量下降52.8%;而长期施NK和PK肥的土壤,停止施肥反而产量增加,NK处理玉米产量提高112%,小麦产量增加182%,PK处理中玉米产量增加15.1%,小麦产量增加59%;单施有机肥的当季效果不如化肥,但后效明显好于化肥。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of fertilization on soil remediation of different treatments. [Method] The pot experiment was conducted to fertilize and remediate soils with unbalanced soil nutrients and decreased productivity through irrational fertilization over a long period of time. [Result] The results showed that the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers was the best method to quickly restore soil nutrients and increase productivity. NP and NPK were inorganic fertilizers which balanced soil fertility and increase crop yield. Extremely poor soil, phosphate fertilizer alone, the effect of nitrogen is extremely significant, and its fertilizer effect on the same with wheat NPK. [Conclusion] The long-term application of chemical fertilizers was more dependent on chemical fertilizers and ceased fertilization. The yield of maize decreased by 78.6% and the yield of wheat decreased by 52.8%. However, the application of NK and PK fertilizers for a long time stopped the fertilization but increased the yield. The yield increased by 112%, the yield of wheat increased by 182%, the yield of maize increased by 15.1% in PK treatment and the yield of wheat increased by 59%. The seasonal effect of organic fertilizer alone was not as good as that of chemical fertilizer, but the latter effect was obviously better than that of chemical fertilizer.