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随着城市建设的发展,建筑艺术的丰富和提高,建筑物的造型日趋完美,不少公共建筑物,为造型和功能要求,一般在建筑物正面作成开敞式的外廊。多层建筑外廊的顶面,采用悬挑或用柱架空上部结构。而悬挑或架空上面均为室内房间地面;另外住宅和大型办公楼群有近似四合院式的群房,为进出院落,一般在底层设通道。通道顶面亦为室内地面。这样型式的地面,在寒冷地带一般称之为“冷地面”。冷地面均在底部结构层和室内地面之间的空间中设置保温层,如下图所示。保温材料多数采用水泥蛭石,水泥珍珠岩等轻质保温材料。
With the development of urban construction and the enrichment and improvement of architectural art, the shape of buildings has become more and more perfect. Many public buildings are required for modeling and function. Generally, open-style corridors are created on the front of buildings. On the top of the multi-story building’s verandah, cantilevered or pillared superstructures are used. The cantilevered or overhead above all is the interior room floor; in addition, the residential and large office building groups are similar to the quadrangle-like group houses, and the entrances and exits are generally located on the ground floor. The top of the passage is also the interior floor. This type of ground is commonly referred to as “cold ground” in cold regions. Cold floors are provided with insulation in the space between the bottom structural floor and the indoor floor, as shown in the figure below. Most of the heat-insulating materials are made of cement, vermiculite and other light-weight thermal insulation materials.