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工程堆积体产生的新增水土流失严重威胁工程建设区及其附近区域的生态安全。该文采用野外放水冲刷试验的方法,对神木—府谷高速公路沿线典型工程堆积体陡坡坡面土壤侵蚀水动力过程进行了研究,结果表明,1)水流剪切力、水流功率及径流动能对薄层水流侵蚀土壤剥蚀率的影响皆可用线性方程描述,单位水流功率、过水断面单位能量的影响不显著;2)水流剪切力、水流功率、过水断面单位能量对细沟侵蚀土壤剥蚀率的影响皆可用线性方程描述,单位水流功率的影响可用幂函数方程描述,径流动能的影响可用对数线性方程描述;3)水流功率是与土壤剥蚀率关系最好的水动力学参数,是坡面侵蚀的动力根源;4)发生细沟侵蚀的临界水流功率为3 N/(m·s),细沟可蚀性参数为8×10-3s2/m2。该结果可为工程堆积体陡坡坡面土壤侵蚀模型的建立奠定基础,为生产建设项目区新增水土流失治理提供科学依据。
The newly added soil and water loss caused by the pile of construction projects seriously threaten the ecological security of the project construction area and its vicinity. In this paper, a field water scouring test was used to study the process of soil erosion and hydrodynamics on steep slopes of the typical project along Shenmu-Fugu Expressway. The results show that: 1) the shear stress, water flow and runoff kinetic energy The influence of thin-layer water flow erosion on soil erosion rate can be described by linear equation, and unit water flow power and cross-section energy per unit have no significant effect. 2) Water flow shear force, water flow power and cross-section energy per unit erosion on rill erosion The influence of the rate can be described by the linear equation. The influence of the unit water flow power can be described by the power function equation. The influence of runoff kinetic energy can be described by the logarithm linear equation. 3) The water flow power is the hydrodynamic parameter with the best relationship with the soil erosion rate 4) the critical flow power of rill erosion is 3 N / (m · s), and the rill erosion parameter of rill is 8 × 10-3s2 / m2. The results can lay a foundation for establishing the model of soil erosion on the steep slope of the engineering deposit and provide a scientific basis for the new control of soil and water loss in the production and construction project area.