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目的了解沧州市献县韩村乡2012年流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行病学特征,预测发病趋势,提出新的免疫策略,提供有效的预防措施,为预防控制流脑提供依据。方法无菌压舌板压舌根用无菌棉拭子蘸取少量灭菌生理盐水,在咽部粘膜擦抹分泌物而后接种于奈瑟氏平板,保温送往化验室。将接种好的平板置于10%CO_237℃环境下培养24 h,挑取可疑菌落、涂片、镜检并做血清学分群分型试验。结果2012年沧州市献县韩村乡流脑报告带菌率平均为2.09%,其中5岁幼儿带菌率为4.05%,6~10岁儿童带菌率为1.20%,11~15岁中小学生带菌率为1.64%,16~20岁中学生带菌率为2.97%,大于20岁人群带菌率为0.0%,0~5岁幼儿和16~20岁儿童报告带菌者人数分别占被检测人群总带菌者数的37.5%;6~10岁幼儿和11~15岁儿童报告带菌者人数分别占被检测人群总带菌者数的12.5%。结论 2012年的检测结果表明,沧州市献县韩村乡流脑疫情基本稳定,但不容乐观,因在带菌者中发现了致病株,历年来沧州市献县韩村乡对流脑检测和预防工作非常重视,根据检测结果尤其应加强对农村易感人群进行流脑疫苗的有效接种,在人群中形成一道免疫屏障,有效预防流脑的暴发或流行。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (HCM) in Hancun Township, Xianxian County, Cangzhou City in 2012, predict the trend of the disease, propose new immunization strategies and provide effective preventive measures to provide evidence for the prevention and control of ECM. Methods Sterile tongue depressant tongue spatula with a sterile cotton swab dipped in a small amount of sterile saline, wipe secretions in the pharynx mucosa and then inoculated in the Neisseria plate, incubated and sent to the laboratory. The inoculated plates were placed in 10% CO_237 ℃ environment for 24 h, picked suspicious colonies, smears, microscopic examination and serological grouping and typing test. Results In 2012, Hanbang Township, Cangzhou City reported an average of 2.09% infection rate of mycotoxins, of which 4.05% for 5-year-old children and 1.20% for children aged 6 to 10 years. The incidence of primary and secondary school students from 11 to 15 years was 1.64%. The prevalence rate of secondary school students from 16 to 20 years old was 2.97%, while the prevalence rate among secondary school students aged above 20 years old was 0.0%. The number of reported carriers of 0-5 years old children and 16-20 years old children respectively accounted for 37.5% %; 6-10 year-olds and children aged 11-15 reported that the number of carriers was 12.5% of the total carriers of the tested population respectively. Conclusion The results of 2012 showed that the epidemic situation of meningitis in Hancun Township, Xianxian County, Cangzhou City was basically stable but could not be optimistic. The pathogenic strains were found in the carriers. Over the years, the detection and prevention of convective brain in Hancun Township, Xianxian County, Cangzhou City The work attaches great importance to the detection results. In particular, effective vaccination of meningococcal vaccines in rural susceptible populations should be strengthened to form an immune barrier in the population, which can effectively prevent the outbreak or epidemic of meningococci.