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我们有一批办得虎虎有生气的国有企业,它们既大量存在于垄断行业,也大量存在于竞争行业.这表明国有制具有生命力,国有企业能够驰骋于市场竞争之中,国有经济同市场经济是相容的.我们也要正视一批陷入困境的国有企业.国家体改委副主任乌杰说:“国有企业中20%是盈利的,10%临近破产,70%是持平状态(1995年7月20日《亚太经济时报》).”这表明国有企业面对非常严峻的形势.从资产负债率来看,险情更为严重.据测算,国有企业资产总值约为35000亿元,资产负债率高达74.3%.这种过高的资产负债率,任何所有制企业都无法承受.一旦遇到国家收紧银根,资产负债率过高的国有企业首当其冲,资金运转的矛盾就更加激化,亏损面更加扩大,有的则陷于停产半停产状态之中.我们要重视这部份国有企业面临的严峻形势.一、关于国有经济深层次矛盾的种种议论什么是国有经济深层次的矛盾,至今仍众说纷纭,有种种议论,择其要者有三种:一种说法,认为国有经济的深层次矛盾是所有制问题.这种矛盾的具体表现就是国有制同市场经济不相容.根据是国有经济有超经济行为.近期又有人提出新的论据,即所谓社会经济资源有两类:一类是具垄断性的资源——“公共品”;一类
We have a number of state-owned enterprises that are active in the tiger industry, both in the monopoly industries and in the competitive industries, which shows that the state-owned enterprises have the vitality and the state-owned enterprises can glide in the market competition. The state-owned economy and the market economy Is compatible.We also have to face up to a number of troubled state-owned enterprises.Wu Jie, deputy director of the State Commission for Economic Restructuring said: “20% of state-owned enterprises are profitable, 10% are bankrupt and 70% are flat (1995 July 20, ”Asia-Pacific Economic Times“.) ”This shows that the state-owned enterprises are facing a very serious situation.From the asset-liability ratio, the risk is more serious.According to estimates, the total assets of state-owned enterprises is about 3.5 trillion yuan, the assets The debt ratio as high as 74.3% .This excessive debt-service ratio, any ownership-owned enterprises can not afford.Once encountered by the state tightening monetary policy, the high debt-burden ratio of state-owned enterprises bear the brunt of the contradiction between capital operation is even more intense, loss-making surface More expansion, while others are in a state of halted production and semi-shutdown .We must attach importance to the grim situation facing this part of the state-owned enterprises .A discussion on the deep-rooted contradictions of the state-owned economy What is the state-owned economy There are still many different opinions on the contradictions between the state and the market economy. There are three kinds of arguments: one is the argument that the deep-seated contradictions of the state-owned economy are the problems of ownership. The concrete manifestation of this contradiction is that the state-owned enterprises are incompatible with the market economy. According to the super-economic activity of the state-owned economy, some people have recently come up with new arguments that there are two types of socio-economic resources: one is a monopoly resource - “public goods”