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抗战后期,中共曾努力争取享有美国对华租借军事物资(简称美援)的分配权。1942年5月,中共改变以往对美援可能助长蒋介石摩擦政策的担心,提出分享美援。至1945年夏,争取美援工作经历4个时期:1942年5月至1944年7月美军观察组进驻延安,为展开时期;1944年7月至1944年10月赫尔利介入国共谈判,为高潮时期;1944年10月至1945年4月赫尔利称美国禁止给中共武器援助,为挫折时期;1945年4月至1945年8月15日朱德要求美方停止对国民政府租借法案的继续执行,为观望并最终放弃阶段。几经波折,终因意识形态的差异、共同利益的逐渐缺失等原因,致中共争取美援失败。在此过程中,中共逐渐把握了美国对华政策的本质,积累了初步的外交经验。
In the late Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese communists tried hard to win the distribution right of the United States to lease military supplies to China (referred to as U.S. aid). In May 1942, the CCP changed its previous concerns that U.S. aid could boost Chiang Kai-shek’s friction policy and proposed to share in the aid of the United States. In the summer of 1945, there were four periods of striving for American aid: from May 1942 to July 1944, the U.S. Military Observer Group was stationed in Yan’an for a period of development; from July 1944 to October 1944, Hurley intervened in the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Climax period; From October 1944 to April 1945 Hurley said the United States forbids the arms aid to the Chinese Communist Party as a setback period; from April 1945 to August 15, 1945, Zhu De urged the United States to stop the continued execution of the National Government Rent Lending Bill , To wait and eventually give up stage. After several twists and turns, the final result of ideological differences, the gradual absence of common interests and other reasons, led to the failure of the United States to aid China. During this process, the CCP gradually mastered the essence of U.S. policy toward China and accumulated initial diplomatic experience.