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目的了解北京市昌平区2003—2012年猩红热的流行病学特征,为预防控制提供参考依据。方法结合猩红热疫情资料、病原学监测资料及人口统计学数据进行描述性分析。结果 2003—2012年,昌平区共报告猩红热病例1 764例,年平均发病率为19.80/10万,年发病率之间差异有统计学意义(χ2=674.02,P<0.01);近10年呈逐年递增态势,流行周期为5年左右,2011年达发病峰值,每年冬季及春末夏初为发病高峰;3～10岁年龄组占总病例数的92.14%;职业以学生和儿童为主,占全部病例的98.70%;男性多于女性;外来人口聚集、人口密集的镇、街发病率高。猩红热病原监测A群乙型溶血型链球菌阳性率为5.46%。结论 3～10岁儿童是猩红热的高发人群,托幼机构、小学校是猩红热疫情防控的重点场所。在疫情处理中应加强链球菌感染、扁桃体炎及咽峡炎病例的管理。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Changping District of Beijing from 2003 to 2012 and provide reference for prevention and control. Methods Descriptive analysis of epidemic situation data of scarlet fever, etiological surveillance data and demographic data were carried out. Results A total of 1 764 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Changping District from 2003 to 2012, with an average annual incidence of 19.80 / 100 000. The annual incidence rate was significantly different (χ2 = 674.02, P <0.01). In the past 10 years, Year-by-year trend, the epidemic cycle of about 5 years, the peak incidence in 2011, the annual winter and late spring and early summer peak incidence; 3 to 10 age group accounted for 92.14% of the total number of cases; occupation to students and children, Accounting for 98.70% of all cases; more males than females; with high population density and densely populated towns and streets. Scarlet fever pathogen monitoring group A hemolytic streptococcus positive rate of 5.46%. Conclusions Children aged 3 to 10 years are high risk of scarlet fever. Kindergartens and primary schools are the key places to prevent and control the epidemic of scarlet fever. Streptococcal infection should be strengthened in the treatment of the epidemic, tonsillitis and angina cases management.