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目的分析海南省2007～2008年麻疹监测病例流行病学特征,为制定消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法分析2007~2008年麻疹监测系统报告数据。结果2007~2008年全省监测报告“发热出疹”麻疹疑似病例1240例,报告发病率2007年为2.52/10万,2008年为12.21/10万,监测病例报告2007年有14个市县,占77.78%,2008年有17个市县报告,占94.44%;监测病例中确诊为麻疹病例78例,实验室确诊52例,占66.67%,临床诊断26例,占33.33%,麻疹年发病率分别为0.32/10万、0.59/10万,无死亡病例;确诊病例中2007年本地常住人口占74.07%,流动人口占25.93%,2008年常住人口占50.98%,流动人口占49.02%。排除病例中风疹病例两年均在35%以上。发病呈高度散发,仍以冬春季为主,最小年龄为7月龄,最大为35岁,15岁以下儿童占病例总数的60.26%,无免疫史和免疫史不详者占87.23%。结论海南省开展麻疹症状监测以来,监测系统是敏感的,2007~2008年麻疹发病率已降到历史最低水平。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles surveillance cases from 2007 to 2008 in Hainan Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating measles elimination strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the reported data of measles surveillance system from 2007 to 2008. Results A total of 1240 suspicious measles cases were detected in the whole province from 2007 to 2008, with a reported incidence of 2.52 / lakh in 2007 and 12.21 / lakh in 2008. There were 14 surveillance cases in 2007 Accounting for 77.78% of the total counties. In 2008, there were 17 cities and counties reporting 94.44%. In the monitoring cases, 78 cases were diagnosed as measles, 52 cases were laboratory diagnosed (66.67%), 26 cases were diagnosed clinically (33.33%), measles year The incidence rates were 0.32 / 100000 and 0.59 / 100000 respectively. No deaths were detected. In 2007, the number of permanent residents accounted for 74.07% of the confirmed cases and the floating population was 25.93%. In 2008, the resident population accounted for 50.98% and the floating population accounted for 49.02%. Rubella cases were excluded in both cases over 35% for two years. The incidence was highly distributed, still dominated by winter and spring, the youngest age of 7 months, the maximum is 35 years old, children under 15 years of age accounted for 60.26% of the total number of cases, no history of immunization and immune history unknown accounted for 87.23%. Conclusion Since the monitoring of measles symptoms in Hainan Province, the surveillance system is sensitive. The incidence of measles in 2007-2008 has dropped to the lowest level in history.