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在原子能科学技术领域,历来广泛存在十分复杂的各种问题。例如,热核聚变及其高温等离子体是当今最复杂物理和工程问题之一,各种复杂性（包括分岔、混沌和湍流）无所不在。经几代科学家和工程师等的努力,已取得了重大进展,原理性问题已经证明,但还没有达到或解决可利用的商业发电的程度,根据估计,可能要推迟到新世纪的后半叶。因此,从裂变能的商业应用到聚变能的商业应用是一个相当长的时期,估计裂变能的商业应用还有近百年的“独占”地位。目前,核裂变能仍然是核电主要发展方向。但核裂变能还存在一些
In the field of atomic energy science and technology, various complicated problems have always existed. For example, thermonuclear fusion and its high-temperature plasma are among the most complex physical and engineering problems of today, with all the complexity (including bifurcation, chaos, and turbulence) ubiquitous. Significant progress has been made through the efforts of several generations of scientists and engineers, and the issue of rationality has been proven but the extent of available commercial power generation has not yet been reached or solved, which, according to estimates, may be postponed to the second half of the new century. Therefore, the commercial application of fissile energy to the commercial application of fusion energy is a fairly long period of time, and commercial applications of fission energy are estimated to have an “exclusive” status of nearly a hundred years. At present, nuclear fission energy is still the main development direction of nuclear power. However, there are still some nuclear fission energy