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为掌握雨强和土地利用方式对丹江口水库水源区水土流失的影响,采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,采集豫西南山区5种常见土地利用类型的表层土壤,研究其在6种雨强下的水土流失规律,结果表明:雨强对不同土地利用类型的产流产沙影响显著,5种土地利用类型土壤中的产流产沙量与雨强均呈幂函数增加,说明雨强越大,相应的产流产沙量也越多;6种雨强的平均产流量、产沙量均为坡耕地>梯田>荒草地>乔木林>灌草地,这是因为林地和灌草地土壤具有良好的保水保土效果,其产流产沙量都小于其他土地类型.结论:在豫西南山区有必要开展坡改梯和退耕还林还草工程,以减少用地中的水土流失,确保丹江口水库水质.
In order to understand the effect of rainfall intensity and land use on water and soil loss in water source area of Danjiangkou Reservoir, indoor artificial rainfall experiment was conducted to collect five kinds of topsoil with common land use types in Nanshan District, The results showed that rainfall intensity had a significant effect on runoff and sediment yield of different land use types. The runoff and sediment yield and rainfall intensity of five land use types all showed a power function increase, indicating that the greater rainfall intensity, The average amount of runoff and sediment yield of the six rainfall intensities are sloping cropland> terraced field> waste grassland> arbor forest> shrub and grassland, which is because the soil of forest land and shrub and grassland have good water and soil conservation effect, The results show that it is necessary to carry out slope improvement and returning farmland to forest and grassland project in southwest mountainous area of Henan to reduce water and soil loss in land use and ensure water quality of Danjiangkou reservoir.